R.L. Whitmer v. Hilton Casitas Council of Homeowners (ROOT)

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H052-REL No. 23F-H064-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-08-28
Administrative Law Judge Brian Del Vecchio
Outcome partial
Filing Fees Refunded $1,000.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner R.L. Whitmer Counsel
Respondent Hilton Casitas Council of Homeowners Counsel Emily H. Mann

Alleged Violations

Article III Section 3 of the Bylaws of Hilton Casitas Council of Co-owners
ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1250(C)

Outcome Summary

The Administrative Law Judge affirmed the petition regarding the Bylaws violation (annual meeting held 27 days late, 23F-H052-REL) but denied the request for civil penalties. The ALJ dismissed the petition regarding the alleged statutory violation of in-person voting requirements (23F-H064-REL), finding Petitioner did not meet his burden of proof. Petitioner was reimbursed the $500 filing fee for the prevailing issue.

Why this result: Petitioner lost the statutory claim (23F-H064-REL) due to failure to provide sufficient evidence for a narrow interpretation of 'in person' voting. Petitioner failed to prove that civil penalties were warranted for the Bylaws violation (23F-H052-REL).

Key Issues & Findings

Failure to hold the annual meeting prior to March 31, 2023 (23F-H052-REL)

Petitioner alleged Respondent failed to hold the annual meeting by the Bylaws' deadline of March 31, 2023. Respondent stipulated that the meeting, held on April 27, 2023, was late, constituting a violation.

Orders: Respondent violated Article III Section 3 of the Bylaws; Petition affirmed. Petitioner was denied civil penalties but was reimbursed the $500.00 filing fee.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02

Alleged violation for failing to allow in-person voting (23F-H064-REL)

Petitioner alleged Respondent violated the statute by allowing voting only through video conferencing and failing to provide an opportunity for in-person voting. The ALJ found Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence to support a narrow interpretation of 'in person' that excludes remote video attendance.

Orders: Respondent did not violate ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1250(C). Petition dismissed.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: respondent_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1250(C)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA Annual Meeting Deadline, Bylaws Violation, HOA Voting Procedure, In-Person Voting, Video Conferencing Voting, Civil Penalties, Mootness Defense, Waiver Defense
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1250(C)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

23F-H052-REL Decision – 1071110.pdf

Uploaded 2025-10-09T03:41:50 (50.2 KB)

23F-H052-REL Decision – 1071477.pdf

Uploaded 2025-10-09T03:41:50 (58.2 KB)

23F-H052-REL Decision – 1074907.pdf

Uploaded 2025-10-09T03:41:50 (40.0 KB)

23F-H052-REL Decision – 1088736.pdf

Uploaded 2025-10-09T03:41:51 (113.8 KB)





Briefing Doc – 23F-H052-REL


{
“case”: {
“docket_no”: “23F-H052-REL, 23F-H064-REL”,
“case_title”: “R.L. Whitmer v Hilton Casitas Council of Homeowners”,
“decision_date”: “August 28, 2023”,
“tribunal”: “OAH”,
“agency”: “ADRE”
},
“individuals”: [
{
“name”: “R.L. Whitmer”,
“role”: “petitioner”,
“side”: “petitioner”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: null
},
{
“name”: “Emily H. Mann”,
“role”: “HOA attorney”,
“side”: “respondent”,
“affiliation”: “Phillips, Maceyko & Battock, PLLC”,
“notes”: null
},
{
“name”: “Robert Westbrook”,
“role”: “HOA President/witness”,
“side”: “respondent”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: null
},
{
“name”: “Sedack Eli”,
“role”: “witness/homeowner”,
“side”: “petitioner”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Also referred to as Sebeck Eli [1].”
},
{
“name”: “Brian Del Vecchio”,
“role”: “ALJ”,
“side”: “neutral”,
“affiliation”: “OAH”,
“notes”: “ALJ for final decision [2, 3]; also referred to as Joe Delveio [4].”
},
{
“name”: “Sondra J. Vanella”,
“role”: “ALJ”,
“side”: “neutral”,
“affiliation”: “OAH”,
“notes”: “Issued orders on July 6, 2023 [5, 6].”
},
{
“name”: “Alyssa Leverette”,
“role”: “ALJ”,
“side”: “neutral”,
“affiliation”: “OAH”,
“notes”: “Issued Minute Entry on July 18, 2023 [7].”
},
{
“name”: “Susan Nicolson”,
“role”: “Commissioner”,
“side”: “neutral”,
“affiliation”: “ADRE”,
“notes”: null
},
{
“name”: “Liard”,
“role”: “community manager”,
“side”: “respondent”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Affidavit attached to exhibits; first name unknown [8, 9].”
},
{
“name”: “John Brookke”,
“role”: “board member”,
“side”: “respondent”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Attended annual meeting [10].”
},
{
“name”: “Jay Panzer”,
“role”: “board member”,
“side”: “respondent”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Attended annual meeting [10].”
},
{
“name”: “Joanna O’Neal”,
“role”: “board member”,
“side”: “respondent”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Attended annual meeting [10].”
},
{
“name”: “Stadilla Stadilla”,
“role”: “homeowner/attendee”,
“side”: “unknown”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Attended annual meeting [10].”
},
{
“name”: “Mike Denson”,
“role”: “homeowner/attendee”,
“side”: “unknown”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Attended annual meeting [10].”
},
{
“name”: “Rick Walker”,
“role”: “homeowner/attendee”,
“side”: “unknown”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Attended annual meeting [10].”
},
{
“name”: “Mary Griffith”,
“role”: “homeowner/attendee”,
“side”: “unknown”,
“affiliation”: null,
“notes”: “Attended annual meeting [10].”
},
{
“name”: “A. Hansen”,
“role”: “ADRE staff”,
“side”: “neutral”,
“affiliation”: “ADRE”,
“notes”: “Recipient of transmission [3, 5-7].”
},
{
“name”: “V. Nunez”,
“role”: “ADRE staff”,
“side”: “neutral”,
“affiliation”: “ADRE”,
“notes”: “Recipient of transmission [3, 5-7].”
},
{
“name”: “D. Jones”,
“role”: “ADRE staff”,
“side”: “neutral”,
“affiliation”: “ADRE”,
“notes”: “Recipient of transmission [3, 5-7].”
},
{
“name”: “L. Abril”,
“role”: “ADRE staff”,
“side”: “neutral”,
“affiliation”: “ADRE”,
“notes”: “Recipient of transmission [3, 5-7].”
}
]
}


Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • R.L. Whitmer (petitioner)
  • Sedack Eli (witness/homeowner)
    Also referred to as Sebeck Eli.

Respondent Side

  • Emily H. Mann (HOA attorney)
    Phillips, Maceyko & Battock, PLLC
  • Robert Westbrook (HOA President/witness)
  • Liard (community manager)
    Affidavit attached to exhibits; first name unknown.
  • John Brookke (board member)
    Attended annual meeting.
  • Jay Panzer (board member)
    Attended annual meeting.
  • Joanna O’Neal (board member)
    Attended annual meeting.

Neutral Parties

  • Brian Del Vecchio (ALJ)
    OAH
    ALJ for final decision; also referred to as Joe Delveio.
  • Sondra J. Vanella (ALJ)
    OAH
    Issued orders on July 6, 2023.
  • Alyssa Leverette (ALJ)
    OAH
    Issued Minute Entry on July 18, 2023.
  • Susan Nicolson (Commissioner)
    ADRE
  • A. Hansen (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of transmission.
  • V. Nunez (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of transmission.
  • D. Jones (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of transmission.
  • L. Abril (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of transmission.

Other Participants

  • Stadilla Stadilla (homeowner/attendee)
    Attended annual meeting.
  • Mike Denson (homeowner/attendee)
    Attended annual meeting.
  • Rick Walker (homeowner/attendee)
    Attended annual meeting.
  • Mary Griffith (homeowner/attendee)
    Attended annual meeting.

Rosalie Lynne Emmons v. Rovey Farm Estates Homeowners Association

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H055-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-08-22
Administrative Law Judge Brian Del Vecchio
Outcome loss
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Rosalie Lynne Emmons Counsel
Respondent Rovey Farm Estates Homeowners Association Counsel Michael S. McLeran

Alleged Violations

CC&Rs Article 2 §§ 3.2, 3.3, and 3.11

Outcome Summary

The Administrative Law Judge dismissed the Petitioner's petition, concluding that Petitioner failed to meet her burden of proof that the Rovey Farm Estates Homeowners Association engaged in selective enforcement regarding the shed constructed without prior approval, which violated the CC&Rs and design guidelines.

Why this result: Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence of selective enforcement. She admitted her shed was built without prior approval, was taller than the fence line, and was visible from the street, all of which violated the CC&Rs. The evidence presented by the Respondent showed consistent enforcement actions regarding similar violations.

Key Issues & Findings

Alleged selective, arbitrary, and capricious enforcement of CC&Rs regarding shed construction and prior approval.

Petitioner alleged that the HOA selectively enforced its shed policy against her, claiming that her denial for a shed built without prior approval and exceeding the fence height should be excused because other, similar non-compliant sheds existed in the community and were not consistently cited.

Orders: Petitioner's petition was dismissed. Petitioner's request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent was denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: respondent_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 41-1092 et seq.
  • CC&Rs Article 2 §§ 3.2, 3.3, and 3.11
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA Enforcement, Selective Enforcement, Shed, Design Guidelines, CC&Rs, Prior Approval
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 41-1092 et seq.
  • CC&Rs Article 2 §§ 3.2, 3.3, and 3.11
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

23F-H055-REL Decision – 1062778.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:44 (44.1 KB)

23F-H055-REL Decision – 1086088.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:46 (110.9 KB)

Questions

Question

If I claim my HOA is engaging in 'selective enforcement', do I have to prove it, or do they have to prove they aren't?

Short Answer

The homeowner (Petitioner) bears the burden of proving selective enforcement by a preponderance of the evidence.

Detailed Answer

In an administrative hearing regarding HOA disputes, the burden falls on the homeowner to provide sufficient evidence that the HOA violated its own CC&Rs or acted arbitrarily. Merely alleging selective enforcement without sufficient proof is not enough to win the case.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated CC&Rs… Petitioner alleged but failed to provide sufficient evidence of Respondent’s supposed selective enforcement.

Legal Basis

Burden of Proof

Topic Tags

  • selective enforcement
  • burden of proof
  • legal procedure

Question

Can my HOA punish me for building a structure (like a shed) without prior approval, even if I apply for approval after building it?

Short Answer

Yes. Building without prior written approval violates standard CC&Rs, and a subsequent application denial is valid if the structure violates guidelines.

Detailed Answer

Most CC&Rs explicitly state that no construction or modification can occur without prior written approval. Admitting to building a structure without this approval constitutes a violation in itself. If the structure also violates design guidelines (e.g., height or visibility), the HOA can enforce the rules against it.

Alj Quote

Petitioner admitted she built her shed without prior approval from the Design Review Committee… all of which are violations of the CC&Rs.

Legal Basis

CC&R Violation

Topic Tags

  • architectural approval
  • unauthorized construction
  • violations

Question

If my HOA relaxed enforcement during a specific period (like the COVID-19 pandemic), does that mean they can never enforce those rules again?

Short Answer

No. A temporary reduction in enforcement during a crisis does not prevent the HOA from resuming enforcement later.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ decision accepted testimony that while enforcement might have been reduced during a specific event like the COVID-19 pandemic, the HOA is entitled to resume enforcement of rules (such as design guidelines) once normal operations return.

Alj Quote

Respondent’s witness testified during COVID enforcement was reduced, however, following the reopening of the economy post-COVID, enforcement was resumed.

Legal Basis

Enforcement Discretion

Topic Tags

  • waiver
  • enforcement history
  • COVID-19

Question

Can the HOA deny my shed if it is visible from the street or taller than the fence line?

Short Answer

Yes, if the CC&Rs or Design Guidelines prohibit structures that are taller than the fence or visible from the street.

Detailed Answer

Violating specific physical constraints listed in the community documents, such as height restrictions relative to a fence line or visibility from public streets, are valid grounds for the HOA to find a violation and deny approval.

Alj Quote

Here, Petitioner admitted… her shed is taller than the current fence line, and the shed can be seen from the street; all of which are violations of the CC&Rs.

Legal Basis

Design Guidelines

Topic Tags

  • architectural standards
  • sheds
  • visibility

Question

What is the 'standard of proof' used in these HOA hearings?

Short Answer

The standard is 'preponderance of the evidence,' which means showing something is more probably true than not.

Detailed Answer

To win an administrative hearing against an HOA, a homeowner does not need to prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt. They must simply show that their claim is 'more probably true than not'—essentially carrying greater evidentiary weight than the opposing side.

Alj Quote

A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.

Legal Basis

Evidentiary Standard

Topic Tags

  • legal definitions
  • evidence
  • hearings

Question

Where can I file a legal dispute against my HOA without going to civil court?

Short Answer

Arizona homeowners can petition the Arizona Department of Real Estate (ADRE) for a hearing.

Detailed Answer

The ADRE has jurisdiction over disputes between owners and planned community associations regarding violations of community documents or statutes. The case is then typically heard by the Office of Administrative Hearings.

Alj Quote

The owner or association may petition the department for a hearing concerning violations of community documents or violations of the statutes that regulate planned communities as long as the petitioner has filed a petition with the department…

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • ADRE
  • dispute resolution

Case

Docket No
23F-H055-REL
Case Title
Rosalie Lynne Emmons vs Rovey Farm Estates Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2023-08-22
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

If I claim my HOA is engaging in 'selective enforcement', do I have to prove it, or do they have to prove they aren't?

Short Answer

The homeowner (Petitioner) bears the burden of proving selective enforcement by a preponderance of the evidence.

Detailed Answer

In an administrative hearing regarding HOA disputes, the burden falls on the homeowner to provide sufficient evidence that the HOA violated its own CC&Rs or acted arbitrarily. Merely alleging selective enforcement without sufficient proof is not enough to win the case.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated CC&Rs… Petitioner alleged but failed to provide sufficient evidence of Respondent’s supposed selective enforcement.

Legal Basis

Burden of Proof

Topic Tags

  • selective enforcement
  • burden of proof
  • legal procedure

Question

Can my HOA punish me for building a structure (like a shed) without prior approval, even if I apply for approval after building it?

Short Answer

Yes. Building without prior written approval violates standard CC&Rs, and a subsequent application denial is valid if the structure violates guidelines.

Detailed Answer

Most CC&Rs explicitly state that no construction or modification can occur without prior written approval. Admitting to building a structure without this approval constitutes a violation in itself. If the structure also violates design guidelines (e.g., height or visibility), the HOA can enforce the rules against it.

Alj Quote

Petitioner admitted she built her shed without prior approval from the Design Review Committee… all of which are violations of the CC&Rs.

Legal Basis

CC&R Violation

Topic Tags

  • architectural approval
  • unauthorized construction
  • violations

Question

If my HOA relaxed enforcement during a specific period (like the COVID-19 pandemic), does that mean they can never enforce those rules again?

Short Answer

No. A temporary reduction in enforcement during a crisis does not prevent the HOA from resuming enforcement later.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ decision accepted testimony that while enforcement might have been reduced during a specific event like the COVID-19 pandemic, the HOA is entitled to resume enforcement of rules (such as design guidelines) once normal operations return.

Alj Quote

Respondent’s witness testified during COVID enforcement was reduced, however, following the reopening of the economy post-COVID, enforcement was resumed.

Legal Basis

Enforcement Discretion

Topic Tags

  • waiver
  • enforcement history
  • COVID-19

Question

Can the HOA deny my shed if it is visible from the street or taller than the fence line?

Short Answer

Yes, if the CC&Rs or Design Guidelines prohibit structures that are taller than the fence or visible from the street.

Detailed Answer

Violating specific physical constraints listed in the community documents, such as height restrictions relative to a fence line or visibility from public streets, are valid grounds for the HOA to find a violation and deny approval.

Alj Quote

Here, Petitioner admitted… her shed is taller than the current fence line, and the shed can be seen from the street; all of which are violations of the CC&Rs.

Legal Basis

Design Guidelines

Topic Tags

  • architectural standards
  • sheds
  • visibility

Question

What is the 'standard of proof' used in these HOA hearings?

Short Answer

The standard is 'preponderance of the evidence,' which means showing something is more probably true than not.

Detailed Answer

To win an administrative hearing against an HOA, a homeowner does not need to prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt. They must simply show that their claim is 'more probably true than not'—essentially carrying greater evidentiary weight than the opposing side.

Alj Quote

A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.

Legal Basis

Evidentiary Standard

Topic Tags

  • legal definitions
  • evidence
  • hearings

Question

Where can I file a legal dispute against my HOA without going to civil court?

Short Answer

Arizona homeowners can petition the Arizona Department of Real Estate (ADRE) for a hearing.

Detailed Answer

The ADRE has jurisdiction over disputes between owners and planned community associations regarding violations of community documents or statutes. The case is then typically heard by the Office of Administrative Hearings.

Alj Quote

The owner or association may petition the department for a hearing concerning violations of community documents or violations of the statutes that regulate planned communities as long as the petitioner has filed a petition with the department…

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • ADRE
  • dispute resolution

Case

Docket No
23F-H055-REL
Case Title
Rosalie Lynne Emmons vs Rovey Farm Estates Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2023-08-22
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Rosalie Lynne Emmons (petitioner)
    Rovey Farm Estates property owner; appeared on her own behalf

Respondent Side

  • Michael S. McLeran (HOA attorney)
    Childers Hanlon & Hudson, PLC
    Appeared on behalf of Rovey Farm Estates Homeowners Association
  • Matt Johnson (community manager/witness)
    Envision Community Management
    Community Manager for Rovey Farm Estate; Appeared as a witness for the Association
  • Mark Schmidt (HOA staff)
    Envision Community Management
    Completed exhibit list (Exhibit 7) used by Respondent
  • Carrie Schmidt (compliance officer)
    Envision Community Management
    Compliance inspector responsible for citing violations

Neutral Parties

  • Brian Del Vecchio (ALJ)
    OAH
    Administrative Law Judge
  • Susan Nicolson (Commissioner)
    ADRE
    Arizona Department of Real Estate Commissioner

Other Participants

  • AHansen (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of decision transmission
  • vnunez (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of decision transmission
  • djones (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of decision transmission
  • labril (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of decision transmission
  • Jose Garcia (homeowner/applicant)
    Rovey Farm Estates Homeowner whose shed application was denied
  • Gilbert Bar (homeowner/applicant)
    Rovey Farm Estates Homeowner whose shed application was denied
  • Jane Kim (homeowner/applicant)
    Rovey Farm Estates Homeowner whose shed application (with MJ Kim) was denied
  • MJ Kim (homeowner/applicant)
    Rovey Farm Estates Homeowner whose shed application (with Jane Kim) was denied

Harry G. Turner v. MountainGate Home Owners Association, Inc.

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H045-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-08-14
Administrative Law Judge Brian Del Vecchio
Outcome none
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Harry G. Turner Counsel
Respondent Mountain Gate Home Owners Association, Inc. Counsel

Alleged Violations

Article 10 Section 4 of the CC&Rs

Outcome Summary

The Administrative Law Judge dismissed the petition, finding that Petitioner Harry G. Turner failed to meet his burden of proof to demonstrate that the Mountain Gate Home Owners Association, Inc. violated Article 10 Section 4 of the CC&Rs by planning drainage construction in Tract H.

Why this result: Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence to reconcile conflicting designations of Tract H in the plat map (Preserved/Active Open Space vs. Drainage), thus failing to prove that the drainage ditch constituted a prohibited change of use.

Key Issues & Findings

Required membership vote for common area use change (Tract H drainage ditch)

Petitioner alleged the HOA (Respondent) violated CC&Rs Article 10 Section 4 by planning to dig a drainage ditch in Tract H, arguing this was a change of use requiring a 2/3rds membership vote. Respondent argued Tract H was already designated for drainage in the 'Conveyance and Dedication' portion of the plat map, negating the need for a vote.

Orders: Petitioner's petition is dismissed. Petitioner's request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: respondent_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)
  • Article 10 Section 4 of the Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, Restrictions and Easements for Mountain Gate Homes, a Townhouse Project

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA, CC&R, Drainage, Common Area, Change of Use, Burden of Proof, Planned Community, Plat Map
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)
  • Article 10 Section 4 of the Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, Restrictions and Easements for Mountain Gate Homes, a Townhouse Project

Video Overview

Audio Overview

https://open.spotify.com/episode/1KAeIyRL8kVCBXnkJx4Gy7

Decision Documents

23F-H045-REL Decision – 1055488.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:36 (49.7 KB)

23F-H045-REL Decision – 1057334.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:40 (43.7 KB)

23F-H045-REL Decision – 1083773.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:42 (105.1 KB)

Questions

Question

Who is responsible for proving that an HOA violated the community's CC&Rs in an administrative hearing?

Short Answer

The petitioner (the homeowner filing the complaint) bears the burden of proof.

Detailed Answer

In a hearing before the Office of Administrative Hearings, it is not the HOA's job to disprove the allegations initially. The homeowner must provide sufficient evidence to prove the violation occurred.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated Article 10 Section 4 of the CC&Rs.

Legal Basis

Burden of Proof

Topic Tags

  • legal standards
  • procedure

Question

What is the legal standard of evidence required to win a case against an HOA?

Short Answer

The standard is a 'preponderance of the evidence,' meaning the claim is more probable than not.

Detailed Answer

The homeowner does not need to prove the violation beyond a reasonable doubt. They must simply show that their version of events or interpretation of the documents is more likely true than the HOA's version.

Alj Quote

“A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.”

Legal Basis

Preponderance of Evidence

Topic Tags

  • evidence
  • legal definitions

Question

What happens if community documents (like a plat map) contain conflicting descriptions of a common area?

Short Answer

If the homeowner cannot prove why their preferred description should control, they fail to meet their burden of proof, and the case may be dismissed.

Detailed Answer

In this case, one section of the plat map described the land as 'Open Space' while another described it as 'Drainage.' Because the homeowner could not legally establish why the 'Open Space' description superseded the 'Drainage' description, the judge ruled against them.

Alj Quote

Neither party presented sufficient evidence to determine why their characterization of Tract “H” controlled. Petitioner bears the burden of proof and has failed to provide sufficient evidence to meet his burden.

Legal Basis

Burden of Proof

Topic Tags

  • document interpretation
  • common areas

Question

Does the Department of Real Estate have jurisdiction over CC&R disputes?

Short Answer

Yes, they have jurisdiction over disputes between owners and associations regarding violations of community documents or statutes.

Detailed Answer

Homeowners can petition the department for a hearing regarding alleged violations of the community's governing documents (CC&Rs) or state laws regulating planned communities.

Alj Quote

This matter lies within the Department’s jurisdiction… regarding a dispute between an owner and a planned community association. The owner or association may petition the department for a hearing concerning violations of community documents or violations of the statutes that regulate planned communities

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • regulatory authority

Question

If an HOA modifies a common area (e.g., digging a ditch), does it always require a member vote?

Short Answer

Not necessarily. If the modification aligns with a designated use in the governing documents (like 'drainage'), it may not constitute a 'change of use' requiring a vote.

Detailed Answer

The homeowner argued a vote was required to change 'Open Space' to a drainage ditch. The HOA argued the land was already dedicated for 'drainage,' so no use change occurred. The judge dismissed the complaint because the homeowner failed to prove it wasn't already a drainage area.

Alj Quote

Respondent argued it did not violate the CC&Rs because it did not change the characteristic of the common area and therefore no change protocols needed to be observed… Petitioner failed to meet his burden.

Legal Basis

CC&R Interpretation

Topic Tags

  • common areas
  • voting rights

Question

Can I request a civil penalty be levied against my HOA?

Short Answer

You can request it, but it will be denied if you fail to prove the violation.

Detailed Answer

In this decision, the judge explicitly denied the petitioner's request for a civil penalty after dismissing the petition.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Legal Basis

Administrative Order

Topic Tags

  • penalties
  • remedies

Case

Docket No
23F-H045-REL
Case Title
Harry G. Turner v Mountain Gate Home Owners Association, Inc.
Decision Date
2023-08-14
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

Who is responsible for proving that an HOA violated the community's CC&Rs in an administrative hearing?

Short Answer

The petitioner (the homeowner filing the complaint) bears the burden of proof.

Detailed Answer

In a hearing before the Office of Administrative Hearings, it is not the HOA's job to disprove the allegations initially. The homeowner must provide sufficient evidence to prove the violation occurred.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated Article 10 Section 4 of the CC&Rs.

Legal Basis

Burden of Proof

Topic Tags

  • legal standards
  • procedure

Question

What is the legal standard of evidence required to win a case against an HOA?

Short Answer

The standard is a 'preponderance of the evidence,' meaning the claim is more probable than not.

Detailed Answer

The homeowner does not need to prove the violation beyond a reasonable doubt. They must simply show that their version of events or interpretation of the documents is more likely true than the HOA's version.

Alj Quote

“A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.”

Legal Basis

Preponderance of Evidence

Topic Tags

  • evidence
  • legal definitions

Question

What happens if community documents (like a plat map) contain conflicting descriptions of a common area?

Short Answer

If the homeowner cannot prove why their preferred description should control, they fail to meet their burden of proof, and the case may be dismissed.

Detailed Answer

In this case, one section of the plat map described the land as 'Open Space' while another described it as 'Drainage.' Because the homeowner could not legally establish why the 'Open Space' description superseded the 'Drainage' description, the judge ruled against them.

Alj Quote

Neither party presented sufficient evidence to determine why their characterization of Tract “H” controlled. Petitioner bears the burden of proof and has failed to provide sufficient evidence to meet his burden.

Legal Basis

Burden of Proof

Topic Tags

  • document interpretation
  • common areas

Question

Does the Department of Real Estate have jurisdiction over CC&R disputes?

Short Answer

Yes, they have jurisdiction over disputes between owners and associations regarding violations of community documents or statutes.

Detailed Answer

Homeowners can petition the department for a hearing regarding alleged violations of the community's governing documents (CC&Rs) or state laws regulating planned communities.

Alj Quote

This matter lies within the Department’s jurisdiction… regarding a dispute between an owner and a planned community association. The owner or association may petition the department for a hearing concerning violations of community documents or violations of the statutes that regulate planned communities

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • regulatory authority

Question

If an HOA modifies a common area (e.g., digging a ditch), does it always require a member vote?

Short Answer

Not necessarily. If the modification aligns with a designated use in the governing documents (like 'drainage'), it may not constitute a 'change of use' requiring a vote.

Detailed Answer

The homeowner argued a vote was required to change 'Open Space' to a drainage ditch. The HOA argued the land was already dedicated for 'drainage,' so no use change occurred. The judge dismissed the complaint because the homeowner failed to prove it wasn't already a drainage area.

Alj Quote

Respondent argued it did not violate the CC&Rs because it did not change the characteristic of the common area and therefore no change protocols needed to be observed… Petitioner failed to meet his burden.

Legal Basis

CC&R Interpretation

Topic Tags

  • common areas
  • voting rights

Question

Can I request a civil penalty be levied against my HOA?

Short Answer

You can request it, but it will be denied if you fail to prove the violation.

Detailed Answer

In this decision, the judge explicitly denied the petitioner's request for a civil penalty after dismissing the petition.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Legal Basis

Administrative Order

Topic Tags

  • penalties
  • remedies

Case

Docket No
23F-H045-REL
Case Title
Harry G. Turner v Mountain Gate Home Owners Association, Inc.
Decision Date
2023-08-14
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Harry G. Turner (petitioner)
    Appeared on his own behalf

Respondent Side

  • Michael Luden (president/representative)
    Mountain Gate Home Owners Association, Inc.
    Appeared on behalf of Respondent. Identified as President of the Homeowners Association
  • Brenda Anderson (witness/secretary)
    Mountain Gate Home Owners Association, Inc.
    Witness for Respondent; Secretary of Mountain Gate Homeowners Association
  • Kelly Callahan (HOA attorney)
    HOA's attorney who wrote an email regarding the drainage ditch proposal

Neutral Parties

  • Brian Del Vecchio (ALJ)
    OAH
    Administrative Law Judge
  • Susan Nicolson (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Listed in transmission list
  • Jeremiah Lloyd (Community Development Director)
    Pinetop Lakeside
    Community Development Director for Pinetop Lakeside
  • Bill Best (County Engineer)
    Navajo County
    Navajo County Engineer
  • Emory Ellsworth (engineer)
    Painted Sky Engineering and Surveying
    Engineer consulted by Petitioner
  • John Murphy (engineer)
    Murphy Engineering Group
    Engineer whose company provided original certified plans

Other Participants

  • AHansen (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Listed in transmission list
  • vnunez (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Listed in transmission list
  • djones (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Listed in transmission list
  • labril (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Listed in transmission list
  • Ken Anderson (community member)
    Mentioned as being present when a document was allegedly falsified
  • Gary Lao (developer)
    Original developer

Brenda Norman v. Rancho Del Lago Community Association

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H046-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-08-11
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome no
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Brenda Norman Counsel
Respondent Rancho Del Lago Community Association Counsel Michael S. McLeran, Esq.

Alleged Violations

Appendix B, Section 5

Outcome Summary

The petition was dismissed with prejudice because Petitioner failed to meet her burden of proof that the HOA violated the community documents. The ALJ found that forcing enforcement of a discretionary restriction after decades of inaction would be unreasonable and that the matter was essentially a neighbor-to-neighbor dispute.

Why this result: Petitioner failed to establish a community document violation by a preponderance of the evidence; enforcement would be an unreasonable exercise of discretion due to long-standing inaction; and there was no legal avenue for the HOA to compel removal of the private property (trees).

Key Issues & Findings

Failure to enforce Prohibited Plant List (Oleanders and Palm Trees exceeding 10 feet)

Petitioner alleged the HOA violated Appendix B, Section 5 of the CC&Rs by failing to enforce the Prohibited Plant List and require her rear neighbors to remove oleander and palm trees that exceeded height guidelines and caused nuisance and damage.

Orders: Petitioner’s petition is dismissed with prejudice.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: respondent_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)(1)
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: homeowner dispute, prohibited plants, HOA discretion, failure to enforce, neighbor dispute, CC&Rs, oleander, palm trees
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)(1)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

23F-H046-REL Decision – 1049756.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:49 (41.2 KB)

23F-H046-REL Decision – 1049882.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:52 (47.2 KB)

23F-H046-REL Decision – 1055238.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:55 (50.0 KB)

23F-H046-REL Decision – 1057283.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:58 (50.3 KB)

23F-H046-REL Decision – 1058121.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:01 (52.9 KB)

23F-H046-REL Decision – 1059849.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:04 (52.5 KB)

23F-H046-REL Decision – 1072130.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:08 (49.8 KB)

23F-H046-REL Decision – 1082955.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:11 (155.5 KB)

Questions

Question

Can I force my HOA to remove a neighbor's plants that violate the community's design guidelines?

Short Answer

Generally, no. The HOA often lacks the legal authority to enter private property to remove landscaping, even if it violates guidelines.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ found that there was no legal way for the HOA to remove trees or shrubs from a neighbor's private backyard, nor compel them to be removed, particularly when the HOA does not own or maintain that specific property.

Alj Quote

Regardless, there is no legal avenue by which Respondent could legally remove Neighbors’ backyard Oleanders and/or Palm Trees, or have them removed.

Legal Basis

Property Rights / HOA Authority

Topic Tags

  • enforcement
  • landscaping
  • private property

Question

Does the HOA have to enforce a rule if they haven't enforced it for many years?

Short Answer

No. Sudden enforcement after long periods of inaction may be considered unreasonable.

Detailed Answer

If an HOA has ignored a specific restriction (like a height limit on plants) for decades, enforcing it suddenly against a single homeowner can be seen as an unreasonable exercise of authority and a violation of due process.

Alj Quote

Enforcement, in the face of decades of intentional inaction, would be an unreasonable exercise of authority and a likely deprivation of Neighbors’ due process rights.

Legal Basis

Due Process / Laches / Waiver

Topic Tags

  • selective enforcement
  • waiver
  • due process

Question

Will the Arizona Department of Real Estate resolve a dispute between me and my neighbor?

Short Answer

No. The Department does not have jurisdiction over disputes solely between homeowners.

Detailed Answer

The administrative hearing process is for disputes between a homeowner and the association. It does not cover disputes between two owners where the association is not a party.

Alj Quote

The department does not have jurisdiction to hear [a]ny dispute among or between owners to which the association is not a party.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)(1)

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • neighbor disputes
  • ADRE

Question

Is the HOA required to mediate disputes between neighbors?

Short Answer

Typically, no. Governing documents usually do not require the HOA to pick sides or resolve neighbor conflicts.

Detailed Answer

Unless the CC&Rs or guidelines specifically state otherwise, the HOA is not obligated to resolve disputes between neighbors or take one side.

Alj Quote

Moreover, neither the CC&Rs nor the Design Guidelines require Respondent to mediate or resolve a dispute between neighbors by taking one side or the other.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs / Design Guidelines

Topic Tags

  • mediation
  • neighbor disputes
  • HOA obligations

Question

What is the burden of proof for a homeowner suing their HOA in an administrative hearing?

Short Answer

The homeowner must prove their case by a 'preponderance of the evidence'.

Detailed Answer

The petitioner (homeowner) must show that it is more likely than not that the HOA violated the governing documents.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated one or more provisions of the Association’s Design Guidelines.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • procedure

Question

If my neighbor's trees are causing a nuisance (like debris in my pool), does the HOA have to act?

Short Answer

Not necessarily. Subjective hardship does not automatically mandate HOA enforcement if the rules are discretionary.

Detailed Answer

Even if a neighbor's landscaping causes inconvenience or subjective hardship to another homeowner, the HOA is not required to enforce discretionary guidelines, especially if they have historically not done so.

Alj Quote

It is clear that plant debris from Neighbors’ backyard is causing Petitioner subjective hardship(s) and inconveniences, which amount to a perceived nuisance… [however] Respondent is not required to enforce a flora/height restriction in this instance.

Legal Basis

Discretionary Enforcement

Topic Tags

  • nuisance
  • maintenance
  • discretion

Case

Docket No
23F-H046-REL
Case Title
Brenda Norman vs. Rancho Del Lago Community Association
Decision Date
2023-08-11
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

Can I force my HOA to remove a neighbor's plants that violate the community's design guidelines?

Short Answer

Generally, no. The HOA often lacks the legal authority to enter private property to remove landscaping, even if it violates guidelines.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ found that there was no legal way for the HOA to remove trees or shrubs from a neighbor's private backyard, nor compel them to be removed, particularly when the HOA does not own or maintain that specific property.

Alj Quote

Regardless, there is no legal avenue by which Respondent could legally remove Neighbors’ backyard Oleanders and/or Palm Trees, or have them removed.

Legal Basis

Property Rights / HOA Authority

Topic Tags

  • enforcement
  • landscaping
  • private property

Question

Does the HOA have to enforce a rule if they haven't enforced it for many years?

Short Answer

No. Sudden enforcement after long periods of inaction may be considered unreasonable.

Detailed Answer

If an HOA has ignored a specific restriction (like a height limit on plants) for decades, enforcing it suddenly against a single homeowner can be seen as an unreasonable exercise of authority and a violation of due process.

Alj Quote

Enforcement, in the face of decades of intentional inaction, would be an unreasonable exercise of authority and a likely deprivation of Neighbors’ due process rights.

Legal Basis

Due Process / Laches / Waiver

Topic Tags

  • selective enforcement
  • waiver
  • due process

Question

Will the Arizona Department of Real Estate resolve a dispute between me and my neighbor?

Short Answer

No. The Department does not have jurisdiction over disputes solely between homeowners.

Detailed Answer

The administrative hearing process is for disputes between a homeowner and the association. It does not cover disputes between two owners where the association is not a party.

Alj Quote

The department does not have jurisdiction to hear [a]ny dispute among or between owners to which the association is not a party.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)(1)

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • neighbor disputes
  • ADRE

Question

Is the HOA required to mediate disputes between neighbors?

Short Answer

Typically, no. Governing documents usually do not require the HOA to pick sides or resolve neighbor conflicts.

Detailed Answer

Unless the CC&Rs or guidelines specifically state otherwise, the HOA is not obligated to resolve disputes between neighbors or take one side.

Alj Quote

Moreover, neither the CC&Rs nor the Design Guidelines require Respondent to mediate or resolve a dispute between neighbors by taking one side or the other.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs / Design Guidelines

Topic Tags

  • mediation
  • neighbor disputes
  • HOA obligations

Question

What is the burden of proof for a homeowner suing their HOA in an administrative hearing?

Short Answer

The homeowner must prove their case by a 'preponderance of the evidence'.

Detailed Answer

The petitioner (homeowner) must show that it is more likely than not that the HOA violated the governing documents.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated one or more provisions of the Association’s Design Guidelines.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • procedure

Question

If my neighbor's trees are causing a nuisance (like debris in my pool), does the HOA have to act?

Short Answer

Not necessarily. Subjective hardship does not automatically mandate HOA enforcement if the rules are discretionary.

Detailed Answer

Even if a neighbor's landscaping causes inconvenience or subjective hardship to another homeowner, the HOA is not required to enforce discretionary guidelines, especially if they have historically not done so.

Alj Quote

It is clear that plant debris from Neighbors’ backyard is causing Petitioner subjective hardship(s) and inconveniences, which amount to a perceived nuisance… [however] Respondent is not required to enforce a flora/height restriction in this instance.

Legal Basis

Discretionary Enforcement

Topic Tags

  • nuisance
  • maintenance
  • discretion

Case

Docket No
23F-H046-REL
Case Title
Brenda Norman vs. Rancho Del Lago Community Association
Decision Date
2023-08-11
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Brenda Norman (petitioner)
    Appeared on her own behalf
  • Zvena Norman (potential witness)
    On standby as a potential witness for Petitioner
  • David Norman (associated party)
    Petitioner's husband; co-petitioner in prior litigation referenced during the hearing

Respondent Side

  • Michael S. McLeran (HOA attorney)
    Childers Hanlon 7 Hudson, PLC
    Counsel for Rancho Del Lago Community Association
  • Spencer Broad (witness, property manager)
    HA managed solutions
    Community Manager for Rancho Del Lago Community Association; also spelled Brod
  • Phil Brown (HOA attorney)
    Attorney referenced by Petitioner regarding a 2018 letter
  • Eric (compliance manager)
    HOA management solutions
    Compliance Manager since 2009; full last name withheld from the record

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    Office of Administrative Hearings
    Administrative Law Judge presiding over the matter
  • Susan Nicolson (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
  • Judge Mahalski (ALJ (prior case))
    Office of Administrative Hearings
    Administrative Law Judge in 2019 litigation referenced during the hearing

Other Participants

  • Cindy White (neighbor)
    Owner of the plants subject to the dispute
  • Ray White (neighbor)
    Owner of the plants subject to the dispute
  • Nathan Tennyson (former HOA attorney)
    Former in-house counsel referenced by Petitioner

Richard K. Morris v. The Townes at Paradise Valley Landings

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H056-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-08-07
Administrative Law Judge Brian Del Vecchio
Outcome partial
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Richard K. Morris Counsel
Respondent The Townes at Paradise Valley Landings Counsel

Alleged Violations

Section 9.2 of the CC&Rs

Outcome Summary

The ALJ affirmed the Petitioner's claim that the HOA violated CC&Rs Section 9.2 by forcing the removal of a previously approved security light. The HOA was ordered to comply with the CC&Rs and reimburse the $500 filing fee. However, the Petitioner's request for a civil penalty was denied.

Key Issues & Findings

Respondent required permanent removal of pre-approved security light in violation of CC&Rs Section 9.2.

Petitioner had Architectural Review Committee (ARC) approval from 2010 to install a security light on the shed fascia (a common area). Respondent HOA later required its removal, arguing their fiduciary duty and a new roofing warranty (2023) voided the prior approval. The ALJ found the HOA failed to perform due diligence regarding the pre-existing ARC approval before contracting the new work and violated CC&Rs Section 9.2, which allows rebuilding in accordance with previously approved plans.

Orders: Respondent is directed to comply with the provisions of Section 9.2 of the CC&Rs and reimburse Petitioner's filing fee of $500.00. Petitioner's request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: ARC Approval, CC&R Violation, Fiduciary Duty, Homeowner Victory, Warranty Voidance
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

23F-H056-REL Decision – 1073539.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:57 (51.9 KB)

23F-H056-REL Decision – 1080973.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:02 (110.3 KB)

Questions

Question

Can an HOA revoke a previous architectural approval because of a new maintenance policy or warranty?

Short Answer

No, the HOA cannot simply revoke a prior approval to satisfy a new fiduciary duty or warranty if they failed to consider existing approvals first.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ ruled that an HOA cannot claim that its fiduciary duty to protect common area warranties overrides a homeowner's valid, prior architectural authorization. The HOA is responsible for performing due diligence regarding existing approvals before entering into contracts that might conflict with them.

Alj Quote

While it may be true Respondent had a fiduciary duty to all the homeowners to protect their investment in maintenance of the common area roofs, this does not entitle Respondent to fail to do their due diligence and disavow prior agreements.

Legal Basis

Contract Law Principles / Due Diligence

Topic Tags

  • architectural approval
  • fiduciary duty
  • maintenance

Question

If I have to remove an approved improvement for HOA repairs, do I need permission to reinstall it?

Short Answer

No, if the CC&Rs state that rebuilding according to previously approved plans does not require new approval.

Detailed Answer

In this case, the CC&Rs explicitly stated that no new permission was needed to rebuild improvements that followed plans previously approved by the committee. Therefore, the homeowner was entitled to reinstall the approved item.

Alj Quote

No permission or approval shall be required to rebuild in accordance with plans and specifications previously approved by the Committee.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Section 9.2

Topic Tags

  • architectural approval
  • repairs
  • CC&Rs interpretation

Question

Who has the burden of proof in an HOA dispute hearing?

Short Answer

The petitioner (the person filing the complaint) bears the burden of proof.

Detailed Answer

The homeowner filing the petition must prove that the HOA violated the statutes or documents. The standard is a 'preponderance of the evidence,' meaning it is more likely than not that the violation occurred.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal procedure

Question

Can I be reimbursed for the filing fee if I win my case against the HOA?

Short Answer

Yes, the Administrative Law Judge can order the HOA to reimburse the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

Upon ruling in favor of the homeowner, the judge ordered the HOA to pay back the $500.00 filing fee the homeowner paid to initiate the hearing.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED Respondent shall reimburse Petitioner’s filing fee of $500.00 pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A).

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • reimbursement
  • penalties

Question

Does winning the case automatically mean the HOA will be fined a civil penalty?

Short Answer

No, a judge may rule in favor of the homeowner but still deny a request for a civil penalty.

Detailed Answer

Although the ALJ found that the HOA violated the CC&Rs and ordered them to comply, the specific request to levy a civil penalty against the HOA was denied.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Legal Basis

Administrative Discretion

Topic Tags

  • civil penalty
  • fines

Question

Can an HOA claim a new contractor's warranty voids my old approval?

Short Answer

Not if the HOA failed to check for existing approvals before signing the contract.

Detailed Answer

The HOA argued that a new roof warranty (which would be voided by penetrations) should extinguish the prior approval. The judge rejected this, noting the HOA admitted they did no due diligence to check for conflicts before signing the roofing contract.

Alj Quote

Furthermore, Respondent admitted no due diligence was performed regarding the existence of Architectural Review Committee approvals which would conflict with potential roof work before a contract was signed.

Legal Basis

Duty of Care / Contract Awareness

Topic Tags

  • warranties
  • contractor
  • due diligence

Case

Docket No
23F-H056-REL
Case Title
Richard K. Morris v The Townes at Paradise Valley Landings
Decision Date
2023-08-07
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

Can an HOA revoke a previous architectural approval because of a new maintenance policy or warranty?

Short Answer

No, the HOA cannot simply revoke a prior approval to satisfy a new fiduciary duty or warranty if they failed to consider existing approvals first.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ ruled that an HOA cannot claim that its fiduciary duty to protect common area warranties overrides a homeowner's valid, prior architectural authorization. The HOA is responsible for performing due diligence regarding existing approvals before entering into contracts that might conflict with them.

Alj Quote

While it may be true Respondent had a fiduciary duty to all the homeowners to protect their investment in maintenance of the common area roofs, this does not entitle Respondent to fail to do their due diligence and disavow prior agreements.

Legal Basis

Contract Law Principles / Due Diligence

Topic Tags

  • architectural approval
  • fiduciary duty
  • maintenance

Question

If I have to remove an approved improvement for HOA repairs, do I need permission to reinstall it?

Short Answer

No, if the CC&Rs state that rebuilding according to previously approved plans does not require new approval.

Detailed Answer

In this case, the CC&Rs explicitly stated that no new permission was needed to rebuild improvements that followed plans previously approved by the committee. Therefore, the homeowner was entitled to reinstall the approved item.

Alj Quote

No permission or approval shall be required to rebuild in accordance with plans and specifications previously approved by the Committee.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Section 9.2

Topic Tags

  • architectural approval
  • repairs
  • CC&Rs interpretation

Question

Who has the burden of proof in an HOA dispute hearing?

Short Answer

The petitioner (the person filing the complaint) bears the burden of proof.

Detailed Answer

The homeowner filing the petition must prove that the HOA violated the statutes or documents. The standard is a 'preponderance of the evidence,' meaning it is more likely than not that the violation occurred.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal procedure

Question

Can I be reimbursed for the filing fee if I win my case against the HOA?

Short Answer

Yes, the Administrative Law Judge can order the HOA to reimburse the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

Upon ruling in favor of the homeowner, the judge ordered the HOA to pay back the $500.00 filing fee the homeowner paid to initiate the hearing.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED Respondent shall reimburse Petitioner’s filing fee of $500.00 pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A).

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • reimbursement
  • penalties

Question

Does winning the case automatically mean the HOA will be fined a civil penalty?

Short Answer

No, a judge may rule in favor of the homeowner but still deny a request for a civil penalty.

Detailed Answer

Although the ALJ found that the HOA violated the CC&Rs and ordered them to comply, the specific request to levy a civil penalty against the HOA was denied.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Legal Basis

Administrative Discretion

Topic Tags

  • civil penalty
  • fines

Question

Can an HOA claim a new contractor's warranty voids my old approval?

Short Answer

Not if the HOA failed to check for existing approvals before signing the contract.

Detailed Answer

The HOA argued that a new roof warranty (which would be voided by penetrations) should extinguish the prior approval. The judge rejected this, noting the HOA admitted they did no due diligence to check for conflicts before signing the roofing contract.

Alj Quote

Furthermore, Respondent admitted no due diligence was performed regarding the existence of Architectural Review Committee approvals which would conflict with potential roof work before a contract was signed.

Legal Basis

Duty of Care / Contract Awareness

Topic Tags

  • warranties
  • contractor
  • due diligence

Case

Docket No
23F-H056-REL
Case Title
Richard K. Morris v The Townes at Paradise Valley Landings
Decision Date
2023-08-07
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Richard K. Morris (petitioner)
    The Townes at Paradise Valley Landings
    Appeared on his own behalf

Respondent Side

  • Joelle Lever (board member)
    The Townes at Paradise Valley Landings
    Represented the Respondent and provided testimony
  • Chelsea Hearn (board member)
    The Townes at Paradise Valley Landings
    Homeowner who complained about the light
  • alice.riesterer (management staff)
    The Management Trust Arizona

Neutral Parties

  • Brian Del Vecchio (ALJ)
    OAH
    Administrative Law Judge who signed the Order and Decision
  • Judge Svio (hearing officer)
    OAH
    Administrative Law Judge who opened the hearing
  • Susan Nicolson (commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate

Other Participants

  • Deborah L (ARC member)
    Association
    Association representative who approved Petitioner's request in 2010
  • AHansen (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of transmission
  • vnunez (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of transmission
  • djones (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of transmission
  • labril (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of transmission

Ryan McMahon v. Alhambra Terrace Condominium Association

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H060-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-08-07
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome loss
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Ryan McMahon Counsel
Respondent Alhambra Terrace Condominium Association Counsel Mike Yohler

Alleged Violations

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221

Outcome Summary

The Administrative Law Judge denied the petition, concluding that Petitioner failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the Alhambra Terrace Condominium Association violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221.

Why this result: Petitioner failed to fully satisfy sub-requirements 6, 7, and/or 8 of the Preliminary Architectural Approval Letter, as the documentation provided (specifically from the plumbing company and designer) lacked the necessary professional weight or specificity required by the Association to address structural and plumbing concerns.

Key Issues & Findings

Alleged violation of statute regarding denial of interior modification request.

Petitioner alleged the Association violated ARS § 33-1221 by denying his request to combine two units and add two bathrooms, claiming the denial was unsupported by facts or governing documents. The ALJ found Petitioner failed to prove the violation.

Orders: Petitioner's petition was denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: petitioner_loss

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. Title 33, Chapter 9, Article 3
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Analytics Highlights

Topics: condominium modification, HOA denial, structural integrity, plumbing concerns, burden of proof, architectural approval
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. Title 33, Chapter 9, Article 3
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

23F-H060-REL Decision – 1081134.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:59:25 (189.0 KB)

Questions

Question

What is the burden of proof for a homeowner alleging an HOA violation?

Short Answer

The homeowner (petitioner) bears the burden of proving the violation by a preponderance of the evidence.

Detailed Answer

In an administrative hearing regarding an HOA dispute, the homeowner filing the petition is responsible for proving their case. They must demonstrate that it is more likely than not that the HOA violated the relevant statutes or community documents.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243; ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • hearing procedure

Question

What does 'preponderance of the evidence' mean in an HOA hearing?

Short Answer

It means the evidence must show the claim is more probably true than not.

Detailed Answer

To win a hearing, the evidence presented must carry more weight than the opposing side's evidence. It doesn't necessarily mean having more witnesses, but rather having evidence with superior convincing force that inclines an impartial mind to one side.

Alj Quote

A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.

Legal Basis

Common Law / Legal Standard

Topic Tags

  • legal standards
  • evidence
  • definitions

Question

Can I combine two adjoining condo units I own by removing the wall between them?

Short Answer

Yes, generally, provided the removal does not impair structural integrity or mechanical systems.

Detailed Answer

Arizona law allows a unit owner who acquires an adjoining unit to remove or alter intervening partitions. However, this is strictly conditioned on the requirement that such acts do not weaken the building's structural integrity, mechanical systems, or support.

Alj Quote

After acquiring an adjoining unit… [a unit owner] may remove or alter any intervening partition or create apertures in intervening partitions… if those acts do not impair the structural integrity or mechanical systems or lessen the support of any portion of the condominium.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221(3)

Topic Tags

  • homeowner rights
  • renovations
  • condominiums

Question

Does the administrative law judge have the power to interpret the HOA's contract (CC&Rs)?

Short Answer

Yes, the Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH) has the authority to interpret the contract between the parties.

Detailed Answer

When a dispute involves the community documents (like CC&Rs), the Administrative Law Judge has the legal authority to interpret those documents to decide the contested case.

Alj Quote

OAH has the authority to hear and decide the contested case at bar. OAH has the authority to interpret the contract between the parties.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • CC&Rs
  • contract interpretation

Question

Can the HOA reject my renovation if I provide a plumber's report instead of the requested structural engineer's report?

Short Answer

Yes, the HOA can reject the request if the specific professional expertise requested (e.g., structural engineering) is not provided.

Detailed Answer

If an HOA requests a specific type of expert opinion (such as a structural engineer) to ensure the integrity of the building, providing a report from a different type of professional (such as a plumbing company) may be considered insufficient evidence, justifying a denial.

Alj Quote

Paradise Valley Plumbing Company, Inc. is not a licensed structural engineering firm, so unfortunately the attestation of its Qualifying Party cannot be afforded much weight, if any.

Legal Basis

Fact-specific determination / ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221

Topic Tags

  • renovations
  • architectural committee
  • expert evidence

Question

Do I need written permission from the HOA to change the exterior appearance of my condo?

Short Answer

Yes, changing the exterior appearance or common elements requires written permission.

Detailed Answer

State statute explicitly prohibits unit owners from changing the appearance of common elements or the exterior of a unit without obtaining written permission from the association.

Alj Quote

Shall not change the appearance of the common elements, or the exterior appearance of a unit or any other portion of the condominium, without written permission of the association.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221(2)

Topic Tags

  • exterior changes
  • architectural control
  • common elements

Question

If I hire a structural engineer, must their report specifically address the HOA's stated concerns?

Short Answer

Yes, simply hiring an engineer is not enough; the report must address the specific items requested by the HOA (e.g., integrity of pipes, fans, vents).

Detailed Answer

Submitting an engineer's letter that does not address the specific technical concerns raised by the HOA (such as the condition of pipes or venting plans) may result in a denial because the homeowner failed to meet the burden of proof regarding safety and structural integrity.

Alj Quote

While Mr. Young is undoubtedly a licensed structural engineer… it is unclear if he made determinations regarding the integrity of the Association’s pipes, fans, and vents as required by sub-requirements 6-8 of the Association’s PRELIMINARY ARCHITECTURAL APPROVAL LETTER.

Legal Basis

Evidence sufficiency

Topic Tags

  • renovations
  • compliance
  • engineering reports

Case

Docket No
23F-H060-REL
Case Title
Ryan McMahon vs. Alhambra Terrace Condominium Association
Decision Date
2023-08-07
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

What is the burden of proof for a homeowner alleging an HOA violation?

Short Answer

The homeowner (petitioner) bears the burden of proving the violation by a preponderance of the evidence.

Detailed Answer

In an administrative hearing regarding an HOA dispute, the homeowner filing the petition is responsible for proving their case. They must demonstrate that it is more likely than not that the HOA violated the relevant statutes or community documents.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243; ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • hearing procedure

Question

What does 'preponderance of the evidence' mean in an HOA hearing?

Short Answer

It means the evidence must show the claim is more probably true than not.

Detailed Answer

To win a hearing, the evidence presented must carry more weight than the opposing side's evidence. It doesn't necessarily mean having more witnesses, but rather having evidence with superior convincing force that inclines an impartial mind to one side.

Alj Quote

A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.

Legal Basis

Common Law / Legal Standard

Topic Tags

  • legal standards
  • evidence
  • definitions

Question

Can I combine two adjoining condo units I own by removing the wall between them?

Short Answer

Yes, generally, provided the removal does not impair structural integrity or mechanical systems.

Detailed Answer

Arizona law allows a unit owner who acquires an adjoining unit to remove or alter intervening partitions. However, this is strictly conditioned on the requirement that such acts do not weaken the building's structural integrity, mechanical systems, or support.

Alj Quote

After acquiring an adjoining unit… [a unit owner] may remove or alter any intervening partition or create apertures in intervening partitions… if those acts do not impair the structural integrity or mechanical systems or lessen the support of any portion of the condominium.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221(3)

Topic Tags

  • homeowner rights
  • renovations
  • condominiums

Question

Does the administrative law judge have the power to interpret the HOA's contract (CC&Rs)?

Short Answer

Yes, the Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH) has the authority to interpret the contract between the parties.

Detailed Answer

When a dispute involves the community documents (like CC&Rs), the Administrative Law Judge has the legal authority to interpret those documents to decide the contested case.

Alj Quote

OAH has the authority to hear and decide the contested case at bar. OAH has the authority to interpret the contract between the parties.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • CC&Rs
  • contract interpretation

Question

Can the HOA reject my renovation if I provide a plumber's report instead of the requested structural engineer's report?

Short Answer

Yes, the HOA can reject the request if the specific professional expertise requested (e.g., structural engineering) is not provided.

Detailed Answer

If an HOA requests a specific type of expert opinion (such as a structural engineer) to ensure the integrity of the building, providing a report from a different type of professional (such as a plumbing company) may be considered insufficient evidence, justifying a denial.

Alj Quote

Paradise Valley Plumbing Company, Inc. is not a licensed structural engineering firm, so unfortunately the attestation of its Qualifying Party cannot be afforded much weight, if any.

Legal Basis

Fact-specific determination / ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221

Topic Tags

  • renovations
  • architectural committee
  • expert evidence

Question

Do I need written permission from the HOA to change the exterior appearance of my condo?

Short Answer

Yes, changing the exterior appearance or common elements requires written permission.

Detailed Answer

State statute explicitly prohibits unit owners from changing the appearance of common elements or the exterior of a unit without obtaining written permission from the association.

Alj Quote

Shall not change the appearance of the common elements, or the exterior appearance of a unit or any other portion of the condominium, without written permission of the association.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1221(2)

Topic Tags

  • exterior changes
  • architectural control
  • common elements

Question

If I hire a structural engineer, must their report specifically address the HOA's stated concerns?

Short Answer

Yes, simply hiring an engineer is not enough; the report must address the specific items requested by the HOA (e.g., integrity of pipes, fans, vents).

Detailed Answer

Submitting an engineer's letter that does not address the specific technical concerns raised by the HOA (such as the condition of pipes or venting plans) may result in a denial because the homeowner failed to meet the burden of proof regarding safety and structural integrity.

Alj Quote

While Mr. Young is undoubtedly a licensed structural engineer… it is unclear if he made determinations regarding the integrity of the Association’s pipes, fans, and vents as required by sub-requirements 6-8 of the Association’s PRELIMINARY ARCHITECTURAL APPROVAL LETTER.

Legal Basis

Evidence sufficiency

Topic Tags

  • renovations
  • compliance
  • engineering reports

Case

Docket No
23F-H060-REL
Case Title
Ryan McMahon vs. Alhambra Terrace Condominium Association
Decision Date
2023-08-07
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Ryan McMahon (petitioner)
    Full name: Ryan Christopher McMahon
  • Christina Samaras (witness)
    Petitioner's fiance and observer. Also referred to as Christina Cincer.
  • Robert A. Young (engineer/consultant)
    Structural Engineer (PE) providing documentation for Petitioner
  • Scott Olsson (plumber/consultant)
    Paradise Valley Plumbing Company, Inc.
    Licensed plumber/Qualifying Party providing statements for Petitioner
  • Gary Devol (designer/consultant)
    Designs by Devol LLC
    Designer who created the modification plans

Respondent Side

  • Mike Yohler (attorney)
    Farmers Insurance
    Counsel of record for Respondent
  • Kent William Groseth (board member)
    Alhamra Terrace Condominium Association
    Board President and witness
  • Emma (property manager representative)
    AMCOR Property Professionals, Inc.
    Exchanged correspondence with Petitioner regarding denial
  • Mia (board member)
    Alhamra Terrace Condominium Association
    HOA president at the time of initial request
  • Jim Nelson (board member)
    Alhamra Terrace Condominium Association
    Co-vice president
  • Robin (property manager representative)
    AMCOR Property Professionals, Inc.
    Vice President involved in email correspondence
  • Miss Morgan (attorney)
    Previous counsel replaced by Mike Yohler

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    OAH
    Administrative Law Judge
  • Susan Nicolson (Commissioner)
    ADRE
    Commissioner of the Arizona Department of Real Estate

Wanda Swartling v. Val Vista Park Townhome Association of Mesa

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H057-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-08-01
Administrative Law Judge Brian Del Vecchio
Outcome loss
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Wanda Swartling Counsel
Respondent Val Vista Park Townhome Association of Mesa Counsel Chad Gallacher

Alleged Violations

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Outcome Summary

The Administrative Law Judge dismissed the Petitioner’s petition because the Petitioner failed to meet her burden of proving that the HOA violated ARS § 33-1804 by failing to hold a properly noticed open board meeting prior to the March 2, 2023, special assessment vote. Evidence suggested issues were discussed in prior committee and board meetings, and Petitioner did not prove informal discussions constituted a violation requiring a finding against the Respondent.

Why this result: Petitioner failed to meet her burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidence that the Respondent's conduct violated ARS § 33-1804.

Key Issues & Findings

Failure to hold open board meeting prior to special assessment meeting

Petitioner alleged the HOA violated open meeting law (ARS § 33-1804) by failing to hold an open board meeting prior to the March 2, 2023, special meeting where members voted on a special assessment, arguing that preliminary discussions and decisions were made unilaterally in supposed closed-door meetings or through email/informal discussions.

Orders: Petitioner's petition is dismissed. Petitioner's request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: petitioner_loss

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Analytics Highlights

Topics: Open Meeting Law, Special Assessment, Board Meetings, HOA Governance, Committee Meeting
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1071114.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:11 (5884.7 KB)

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1071115.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:14 (7935.6 KB)

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1071120.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:19 (1989.0 KB)

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1071121.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:23 (4055.1 KB)

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1071122.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:27 (676.0 KB)

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1071126.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:31 (3343.5 KB)

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1071127.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:36 (3328.5 KB)

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1071503.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:39 (49.2 KB)

23F-H057-REL Decision – 1079574.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:58:42 (114.8 KB)

Questions

Question

What is the burden of proof for a homeowner alleging a violation against their HOA?

Short Answer

The homeowner (Petitioner) must prove the violation by a "preponderance of the evidence."

Detailed Answer

In an administrative hearing, the burden is on the homeowner to prove their case. The standard used is 'preponderance of the evidence,' meaning the homeowner must show that their claim is more likely true than not.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • legal standards
  • burden of proof
  • procedure

Question

Do informal discussions or emails between board members automatically violate open meeting laws?

Short Answer

Not necessarily. To constitute a violation, there must be proof that a quorum was present and that board business was actually conducted.

Detailed Answer

While informal discussions or emails might technically constitute a meeting, the homeowner must provide sufficient evidence that a quorum of board members was involved and that they were conducting actual board business to prove a violation of the open meeting statute.

Alj Quote

The informal discussions and emails between board members may have constituted board meetings under ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804, however, Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence the number of board members meeting constituted a quorum which would thereby require notice to homeowners.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • open meetings
  • emails
  • board communication

Question

What evidence is required to prove the board held a 'secret' meeting?

Short Answer

The homeowner must provide sufficient evidence that a quorum met and that specific board business was conducted.

Detailed Answer

Allegations of closed-door meetings fail if the homeowner cannot prove that enough board members were present to form a quorum and that they engaged in board business during that time.

Alj Quote

Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence the number of board members meeting constituted a quorum which would thereby require notice to homeowners. Furthermore, Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence board business was conducted during these putative board meetings.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • evidence
  • secret meetings
  • quorum

Question

Can a special assessment vote be based on recommendations from a committee meeting held months earlier?

Short Answer

Yes, if the committee meeting was valid, its recommendations can serve as the basis for a later vote.

Detailed Answer

In this decision, the ALJ found that a special assessment vote in March 2023 was validly based on maintenance recommendations generated during an architectural committee meeting held the previous August.

Alj Quote

The special assessment which was voted on during the March 2, 2023, special meeting were maintenance recommendations from the architectural committee meeting on August 18, 2022.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • special assessments
  • committees
  • voting

Question

What does 'preponderance of the evidence' mean in an HOA hearing?

Short Answer

It means the evidence shows the claim is more probably true than not.

Detailed Answer

This legal standard requires evidence that has the most convincing force and is sufficient to incline a fair and impartial mind to one side of the issue, even if it doesn't remove all reasonable doubt.

Alj Quote

“A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.”

Legal Basis

Morris K. Udall, Arizona Law of Evidence § 5 (1960)

Topic Tags

  • legal definitions
  • evidence

Question

Which HOA meetings are required by law to be open to all members?

Short Answer

Meetings of the members, the board of directors, and any regularly scheduled committee meetings must be open.

Detailed Answer

Arizona statute explicitly requires that meetings of the members' association, the board of directors, and regularly scheduled committee meetings be open to all association members, notwithstanding contrary bylaws.

Alj Quote

Notwithstanding any provision in the declaration, bylaws or other documents to the contrary, all meetings of the members’ association and the board of directors, and any regularly scheduled committee meetings, are open to all members of the association.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804(A)

Topic Tags

  • open meetings
  • homeowner rights
  • statutes

Case

Docket No
23F-H057-REL
Case Title
Wanda Swartling v Val Vista Park Townhome Association of Mesa
Decision Date
2023-08-01
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

What is the burden of proof for a homeowner alleging a violation against their HOA?

Short Answer

The homeowner (Petitioner) must prove the violation by a "preponderance of the evidence."

Detailed Answer

In an administrative hearing, the burden is on the homeowner to prove their case. The standard used is 'preponderance of the evidence,' meaning the homeowner must show that their claim is more likely true than not.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • legal standards
  • burden of proof
  • procedure

Question

Do informal discussions or emails between board members automatically violate open meeting laws?

Short Answer

Not necessarily. To constitute a violation, there must be proof that a quorum was present and that board business was actually conducted.

Detailed Answer

While informal discussions or emails might technically constitute a meeting, the homeowner must provide sufficient evidence that a quorum of board members was involved and that they were conducting actual board business to prove a violation of the open meeting statute.

Alj Quote

The informal discussions and emails between board members may have constituted board meetings under ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804, however, Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence the number of board members meeting constituted a quorum which would thereby require notice to homeowners.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • open meetings
  • emails
  • board communication

Question

What evidence is required to prove the board held a 'secret' meeting?

Short Answer

The homeowner must provide sufficient evidence that a quorum met and that specific board business was conducted.

Detailed Answer

Allegations of closed-door meetings fail if the homeowner cannot prove that enough board members were present to form a quorum and that they engaged in board business during that time.

Alj Quote

Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence the number of board members meeting constituted a quorum which would thereby require notice to homeowners. Furthermore, Petitioner failed to provide sufficient evidence board business was conducted during these putative board meetings.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • evidence
  • secret meetings
  • quorum

Question

Can a special assessment vote be based on recommendations from a committee meeting held months earlier?

Short Answer

Yes, if the committee meeting was valid, its recommendations can serve as the basis for a later vote.

Detailed Answer

In this decision, the ALJ found that a special assessment vote in March 2023 was validly based on maintenance recommendations generated during an architectural committee meeting held the previous August.

Alj Quote

The special assessment which was voted on during the March 2, 2023, special meeting were maintenance recommendations from the architectural committee meeting on August 18, 2022.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804

Topic Tags

  • special assessments
  • committees
  • voting

Question

What does 'preponderance of the evidence' mean in an HOA hearing?

Short Answer

It means the evidence shows the claim is more probably true than not.

Detailed Answer

This legal standard requires evidence that has the most convincing force and is sufficient to incline a fair and impartial mind to one side of the issue, even if it doesn't remove all reasonable doubt.

Alj Quote

“A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.”

Legal Basis

Morris K. Udall, Arizona Law of Evidence § 5 (1960)

Topic Tags

  • legal definitions
  • evidence

Question

Which HOA meetings are required by law to be open to all members?

Short Answer

Meetings of the members, the board of directors, and any regularly scheduled committee meetings must be open.

Detailed Answer

Arizona statute explicitly requires that meetings of the members' association, the board of directors, and regularly scheduled committee meetings be open to all association members, notwithstanding contrary bylaws.

Alj Quote

Notwithstanding any provision in the declaration, bylaws or other documents to the contrary, all meetings of the members’ association and the board of directors, and any regularly scheduled committee meetings, are open to all members of the association.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1804(A)

Topic Tags

  • open meetings
  • homeowner rights
  • statutes

Case

Docket No
23F-H057-REL
Case Title
Wanda Swartling v Val Vista Park Townhome Association of Mesa
Decision Date
2023-08-01
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Wanda Swartling (petitioner)
    Val Vista Park Townhome Association
    Homeowner, VVP Unit 82

Respondent Side

  • Chad Gallacher (HOA attorney)
    Maxwell & Morgan, P.C.
  • Steve Cheff (property manager / witness)
    Heywood Community Management
    Also community manager
  • Patti Locks (board member)
    Val Vista Park HOA
    Also listed as candidate/incumbent
  • Stephanie Hamrock (board member / witness)
    Val Vista Park HOA
  • Troy Goudeau (board member)
    Val Vista Park HOA
    Elected director
  • Paul Wilcox (board member)
    Val Vista Park HOA
    Elected director
  • Bettie Smiley (board member)
    Val Vista Park HOA
  • Carlee Collins (administrative assistant)
    Heywood Community Management
  • Alli (attorney)
    Maxwell & Morgan, P.C.
    Associate attorney

Neutral Parties

  • Brian Del Vecchio (ALJ)
    OAH
  • Susan Nicolson (ADRE Commissioner)
    ADRE
  • A. Hansen (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
  • V. Nunez (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
  • D. Jones (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
  • L. Abril (ADRE staff)
    ADRE

Other Participants

  • Shelley Dusek (candidate)
    Val Vista Park HOA
    Candidate for Board of Directors
  • Lori Solomon (candidate)
    Val Vista Park HOA
    Candidate for Board of Directors
  • Tanya (committee attendee)
    Val Vista Park HOA
    Attended Building Architectural Committee meeting
  • David Clem Sr (homeowner)
    Val Vista Park Townhomes
    Email recipient

Deborah L. Masear v. Paradise Park Condominiums Phase II Homeowners

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H053-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-07-10
Administrative Law Judge Brian Del Vecchio
Outcome partial
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Deborah L. Masear Counsel
Respondent Paradise Park Condominiums Phase II Homeowners Association Counsel Ashley N. Moscarello

Alleged Violations

Article II Section 3 of Respondent’s bylaws

Outcome Summary

The Administrative Law Judge affirmed the Petitioner's claim, finding that the HOA violated Article II Section 3 of its bylaws by failing to hold the Annual Meeting on the second Monday of March (March 13, 2023). The HOA was ordered to reimburse the Petitioner's $500.00 filing fee, but a request for a civil penalty was denied.

Key Issues & Findings

Failure to hold an annual meeting as required by bylaws

The HOA failed to hold the mandatory annual meeting on March 13, 2023, as explicitly required by the amended bylaws (Article II Section 3). The meeting was subsequently scheduled for May 8, 2023, 56 days late, constituting a violation, even though the later meeting failed to meet quorum.

Orders: Petitioner’s petition is affirmed. Respondent shall reimburse Petitioner’s filing fee of $500.00. Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA, Condominium, Annual Meeting, Bylaw Violation, Filing Fee Refund
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

23F-H053-REL Decision – 1072068.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:32 (115.3 KB)





Study Guide – 23F-H053-REL


{ “case”: { “docket_no”: “23F-H053-REL”, “case_title”: “Deborah L. Masear v. Paradise Park Condominiums Phase II Homeowners Association”, “decision_date”: “2023-07-10”, “alj_name”: “Brian Del Vecchio”, “tribunal”: “OAH”, “agency”: “ADRE” }, “questions”: [ { “question”: “If the bylaws state a specific date for the annual meeting, can the HOA board reschedule it to a different month?”, “short_answer”: “No. If the bylaws use mandatory language like “shall,” the HOA cannot change the date.”, “detailed_answer”: “The ALJ determined that when bylaws state a meeting “shall be held” on a specific date, this language is mandatory and not permissive. The HOA does not have the discretion to change the date of the annual meeting if the governing documents specify exactly when it must occur.”, “alj_quote”: “Respondent’s Bylaws state, ‘[t]he annual meeting of the members shall be held,’ at the designated date and time annually. The phrase ‘shall be held’ is not permissive; there is no changing the date of the annual meeting.”, “legal_basis”: “Bylaws Article II Section 3”, “topic_tags”: [ “Annual Meetings”, “Bylaws Interpretation”, “HOA Obligations” ] }, { “question”: “Does a meeting count as being ‘held’ if the HOA schedules it but fails to reach a quorum?”, “short_answer”: “No. If a quorum is not present, the meeting is legally considered not to have been held.”, “detailed_answer”: “Even if the HOA sends notice and attempts to convene, the failure to achieve a quorum means the meeting cannot conduct business. The ALJ ruled that in such cases, the meeting was not actually held, resulting in a violation if the bylaws required a meeting on that date.”, “alj_quote”: “Respondent attempted to hold an annual meeting on May 8, 2023, and but for the lack of quorum, the meeting was not held.”, “legal_basis”: “Findings of Fact”, “topic_tags”: [ “Quorum”, “Annual Meetings”, “Procedural Requirements” ] }, { “question”: “If I win my dispute against the HOA, will I get my $500 filing fee back?”, “short_answer”: “Yes. The ALJ has the authority to order the HOA to reimburse the filing fee to the prevailing homeowner.”, “detailed_answer”: “In this decision, after ruling in favor of the homeowner regarding the failure to hold the annual meeting, the judge ordered the HOA to reimburse the $500 filing fee the homeowner paid to initiate the case.”, “alj_quote”: “IT IS FURTHER ORDERED Respondent shall reimburse Petitioner’s filing fee of $500.00 pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A).”, “legal_basis”: “ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)”, “topic_tags”: [ “Remedies”, “Filing Fees”, “Costs” ] }, { “question”: “Will the HOA automatically be fined a civil penalty if they are found to have violated the bylaws?”, “short_answer”: “No. The ALJ may deny a request for civil penalties even if they find that a violation occurred.”, “detailed_answer”: “While the homeowner in this case requested a civil penalty be levied against the HOA for the violation, the ALJ explicitly denied this request in the final order, despite ruling that the HOA had violated the bylaws.”, “alj_quote”: “IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.”, “legal_basis”: “Administrative Discretion”, “topic_tags”: [ “Penalties”, “Remedies”, “Enforcement” ] }, { “question”: “Who has to prove that the HOA violated the rules?”, “short_answer”: “The homeowner (Petitioner) bears the burden of proof.”, “detailed_answer”: “In an administrative hearing before the OAH, the person bringing the complaint must prove their case by a ‘preponderance of the evidence.’ It is not up to the HOA to prove they are innocent; the homeowner must prove the violation occurred.”, “alj_quote”: “In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated Article II Section 3 of the Bylaws.”, “legal_basis”: “ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119”, “topic_tags”: [ “Burden of Proof”, “Legal Standards”, “Hearing Procedures” ] }, { “question”: “What kind of HOA disputes can I file with the Arizona Department of Real Estate?”, “short_answer”: “You can file petitions regarding violations of community documents (CC&Rs, bylaws) or state statutes regulating planned communities.”, “detailed_answer”: “The Department has jurisdiction to hear disputes between owners and associations specifically concerning violations of the community’s governing documents or the relevant Arizona statutes regulating these communities.”, “alj_quote”: “The owner or association may petition the department for a hearing concerning violations of community documents or violations of the statutes that regulate planned communities…”, “legal_basis”: “ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102 and 32-2199 et seq.”, “topic_tags”: [ “Jurisdiction”, “ADRE”, “Filing a Complaint” ] } ] }






Blog Post – 23F-H053-REL


{ “case”: { “docket_no”: “23F-H053-REL”, “case_title”: “Deborah L. Masear v. Paradise Park Condominiums Phase II Homeowners Association”, “decision_date”: “2023-07-10”, “alj_name”: “Brian Del Vecchio”, “tribunal”: “OAH”, “agency”: “ADRE” }, “questions”: [ { “question”: “If the bylaws state a specific date for the annual meeting, can the HOA board reschedule it to a different month?”, “short_answer”: “No. If the bylaws use mandatory language like “shall,” the HOA cannot change the date.”, “detailed_answer”: “The ALJ determined that when bylaws state a meeting “shall be held” on a specific date, this language is mandatory and not permissive. The HOA does not have the discretion to change the date of the annual meeting if the governing documents specify exactly when it must occur.”, “alj_quote”: “Respondent’s Bylaws state, ‘[t]he annual meeting of the members shall be held,’ at the designated date and time annually. The phrase ‘shall be held’ is not permissive; there is no changing the date of the annual meeting.”, “legal_basis”: “Bylaws Article II Section 3”, “topic_tags”: [ “Annual Meetings”, “Bylaws Interpretation”, “HOA Obligations” ] }, { “question”: “Does a meeting count as being ‘held’ if the HOA schedules it but fails to reach a quorum?”, “short_answer”: “No. If a quorum is not present, the meeting is legally considered not to have been held.”, “detailed_answer”: “Even if the HOA sends notice and attempts to convene, the failure to achieve a quorum means the meeting cannot conduct business. The ALJ ruled that in such cases, the meeting was not actually held, resulting in a violation if the bylaws required a meeting on that date.”, “alj_quote”: “Respondent attempted to hold an annual meeting on May 8, 2023, and but for the lack of quorum, the meeting was not held.”, “legal_basis”: “Findings of Fact”, “topic_tags”: [ “Quorum”, “Annual Meetings”, “Procedural Requirements” ] }, { “question”: “If I win my dispute against the HOA, will I get my $500 filing fee back?”, “short_answer”: “Yes. The ALJ has the authority to order the HOA to reimburse the filing fee to the prevailing homeowner.”, “detailed_answer”: “In this decision, after ruling in favor of the homeowner regarding the failure to hold the annual meeting, the judge ordered the HOA to reimburse the $500 filing fee the homeowner paid to initiate the case.”, “alj_quote”: “IT IS FURTHER ORDERED Respondent shall reimburse Petitioner’s filing fee of $500.00 pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A).”, “legal_basis”: “ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)”, “topic_tags”: [ “Remedies”, “Filing Fees”, “Costs” ] }, { “question”: “Will the HOA automatically be fined a civil penalty if they are found to have violated the bylaws?”, “short_answer”: “No. The ALJ may deny a request for civil penalties even if they find that a violation occurred.”, “detailed_answer”: “While the homeowner in this case requested a civil penalty be levied against the HOA for the violation, the ALJ explicitly denied this request in the final order, despite ruling that the HOA had violated the bylaws.”, “alj_quote”: “IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.”, “legal_basis”: “Administrative Discretion”, “topic_tags”: [ “Penalties”, “Remedies”, “Enforcement” ] }, { “question”: “Who has to prove that the HOA violated the rules?”, “short_answer”: “The homeowner (Petitioner) bears the burden of proof.”, “detailed_answer”: “In an administrative hearing before the OAH, the person bringing the complaint must prove their case by a ‘preponderance of the evidence.’ It is not up to the HOA to prove they are innocent; the homeowner must prove the violation occurred.”, “alj_quote”: “In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated Article II Section 3 of the Bylaws.”, “legal_basis”: “ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119”, “topic_tags”: [ “Burden of Proof”, “Legal Standards”, “Hearing Procedures” ] }, { “question”: “What kind of HOA disputes can I file with the Arizona Department of Real Estate?”, “short_answer”: “You can file petitions regarding violations of community documents (CC&Rs, bylaws) or state statutes regulating planned communities.”, “detailed_answer”: “The Department has jurisdiction to hear disputes between owners and associations specifically concerning violations of the community’s governing documents or the relevant Arizona statutes regulating these communities.”, “alj_quote”: “The owner or association may petition the department for a hearing concerning violations of community documents or violations of the statutes that regulate planned communities…”, “legal_basis”: “ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102 and 32-2199 et seq.”, “topic_tags”: [ “Jurisdiction”, “ADRE”, “Filing a Complaint” ] } ] }


Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Deborah Masear (petitioner)
    Paradise Park Condominiums Phase II HOA Member
    Also referred to as Deborah Maer

Respondent Side

  • Ashley Moscarello (HOA attorney)
    Goodman Law Group
    Appeared on behalf of Respondent
  • Carl Westlund (witness)
    Management Trust
    Community Manager for the HOA

Neutral Parties

  • Brian Del Vecchio (ALJ)
    OAH
    Also referred to as Judge Delio
  • Susan Nicolson (Commissioner)
    ADRE
  • AHansen (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of decision
  • vnunez (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of decision
  • djones (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of decision
  • labril (ADRE staff)
    ADRE
    Recipient of decision

Deanna Smith v. Moondance Townhomes Homeowners Association

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H049-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-06-06
Administrative Law Judge Brian Del Vecchio
Outcome partial
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Deanna Smith Counsel
Respondent Moondance Townhomes Homeowners Association Counsel Christina Morgan

Alleged Violations

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Outcome Summary

The ALJ affirmed the petition, finding the HOA violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805 by failing to provide complete financial statements (including balance sheets and statements of cash flows) to the Petitioner upon request. The HOA was ordered to provide the missing financial statements and reimburse the $500 filing fee. A civil penalty was denied.

Key Issues & Findings

Failure to provide association financial records upon member request.

The Petitioner alleged that the Association failed to comply with her request for financial records dated December 15, 2022, pursuant to ARS § 33-1805. The Association provided only Profit & Loss statements on January 12, 2023, but failed to provide other requisite financial documents, such as balance sheets, statements of cash flows, or statements of income, as defined by ARS § 32-701. The failure to fulfill the request for financial statements constituted a violation.

Orders: The petition was affirmed. Respondent was ordered to reimburse the Petitioner's filing fee of $500.00 pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A). Respondent was ordered to provide financial statements, as defined by ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-701, for the months of August 2022 through December 2022 pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805. Petitioner's request for a civil penalty was denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-701
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: Financial Records, Statutory Compliance, Record Request Delay, Filing Fee Reimbursement, HOA Board Member
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-701
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

23F-H049-REL Decision – 1062328.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:57:27 (149.9 KB)

Questions

Question

If I request 'financial statements' from my HOA, is it enough for them to just send a Profit and Loss statement?

Short Answer

No. A request for 'financial statements' implies more than just a Profit and Loss statement, and the HOA must provide the full range of documents defined by law.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ determined that providing only a Profit and Loss statement is insufficient when a homeowner requests 'financial statements.' The term encompasses a broader set of documents, including balance sheets and statements of cash flows, which must be provided to fully satisfy the request.

Alj Quote

Because Petitioner requested financial statements for the same period after receiving the Profit and Loss statements, implicit in her request was the understanding merely providing the Profit and Loss statement was insufficient to satisfy her request for financial statements.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-701; ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • financial records
  • definitions
  • HOA obligations

Question

What specific documents does the law include in the definition of 'financial statements'?

Short Answer

The definition includes balance sheets, statements of income, retained earnings, cash flows, changes in equity, and other standard summaries.

Detailed Answer

Arizona law defines 'Financial Statement' broadly. It is not limited to a single report but includes statements and footnotes showing financial position in conformity with accounting principles.

Alj Quote

In Arizona, “Financial Statement… (b) Includes balance sheets, statements of income, statements of retained earnings, statements of cash flows, statements of changes in equity and other commonly used or recognized summaries of financial information.”

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-701

Topic Tags

  • financial records
  • definitions
  • accounting

Question

How quickly must my HOA respond to my request to examine records?

Short Answer

The HOA has ten business days to fulfill a request for examination or to provide copies.

Detailed Answer

The statute explicitly sets a ten-business-day deadline for the association to fulfill a request for examination or to provide copies of requested records.

Alj Quote

The association shall have ten business days to fulfill a request for examination. … On request for purchase of copies of records… the association shall have ten business days to provide copies of the requested records.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • deadlines
  • procedural requirements
  • homeowner rights

Question

Can the HOA tell me to find the records on a Google Drive or website instead of sending them to me?

Short Answer

Only if the records are actually there and accessible. Directing a homeowner to an empty or incomplete digital folder does not count as providing access.

Detailed Answer

In this case, the HOA President directed the homeowner to a Google Drive, but the Treasurer later admitted the specific documents requested were never uploaded. The ALJ ruled that because the documents were not on the drive, the homeowner was not supplied with access.

Alj Quote

Furthermore, although President directed Petitioner to search the Google Drive for the documents, Treasurer admitted on January 23, 2023, that the documents Petitioner was seeking were never on the drive. Thus, Petitioner was neither supplied nor had access to obtain the requisite financial statements.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • digital access
  • compliance
  • records request

Question

Can the HOA charge me a fee for looking at the records?

Short Answer

No. The HOA cannot charge for making material available for review, though they can charge for copies.

Detailed Answer

The law prohibits charging a member for the act of making material available for review. However, if the member requests copies, the association may charge a fee for those copies.

Alj Quote

The association shall not charge a member or any person designated by the member in writing for making material available for review. … An association may charge a fee for making copies of not more than fifteen cents per page.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • homeowner rights
  • costs

Question

If I win my hearing against the HOA, will I get my filing fee back?

Short Answer

Yes. If the petitioner prevails, the judge is required to order the respondent to reimburse the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

The statute mandates that if the homeowner (petitioner) prevails in the hearing, the administrative law judge must order the HOA (respondent) to pay the filing fee back to the homeowner.

Alj Quote

If the petitioner prevails, the administrative law judge shall order the respondent to pay to the petitioner the filing fee required by section 32-2199.01.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)

Topic Tags

  • reimbursement
  • outcomes
  • filing fees

Question

Will the judge automatically fine the HOA if they violated the records law?

Short Answer

No. While the judge has the authority to levy a civil penalty, it is not mandatory, and they may choose to deny a request for a penalty.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ has the discretion to levy a civil penalty but is not required to do so. In this case, although a violation was found, the judge explicitly denied the request to levy a civil penalty against the HOA.

Alj Quote

The administrative law judge… may levy a civil penalty on the basis of each violation… IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)

Topic Tags

  • penalties
  • civil penalty
  • judgement

Case

Docket No
23F-H049-REL
Case Title
Deanna Smith v Moondance Townhomes Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2023-06-06
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

If I request 'financial statements' from my HOA, is it enough for them to just send a Profit and Loss statement?

Short Answer

No. A request for 'financial statements' implies more than just a Profit and Loss statement, and the HOA must provide the full range of documents defined by law.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ determined that providing only a Profit and Loss statement is insufficient when a homeowner requests 'financial statements.' The term encompasses a broader set of documents, including balance sheets and statements of cash flows, which must be provided to fully satisfy the request.

Alj Quote

Because Petitioner requested financial statements for the same period after receiving the Profit and Loss statements, implicit in her request was the understanding merely providing the Profit and Loss statement was insufficient to satisfy her request for financial statements.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-701; ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • financial records
  • definitions
  • HOA obligations

Question

What specific documents does the law include in the definition of 'financial statements'?

Short Answer

The definition includes balance sheets, statements of income, retained earnings, cash flows, changes in equity, and other standard summaries.

Detailed Answer

Arizona law defines 'Financial Statement' broadly. It is not limited to a single report but includes statements and footnotes showing financial position in conformity with accounting principles.

Alj Quote

In Arizona, “Financial Statement… (b) Includes balance sheets, statements of income, statements of retained earnings, statements of cash flows, statements of changes in equity and other commonly used or recognized summaries of financial information.”

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-701

Topic Tags

  • financial records
  • definitions
  • accounting

Question

How quickly must my HOA respond to my request to examine records?

Short Answer

The HOA has ten business days to fulfill a request for examination or to provide copies.

Detailed Answer

The statute explicitly sets a ten-business-day deadline for the association to fulfill a request for examination or to provide copies of requested records.

Alj Quote

The association shall have ten business days to fulfill a request for examination. … On request for purchase of copies of records… the association shall have ten business days to provide copies of the requested records.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • deadlines
  • procedural requirements
  • homeowner rights

Question

Can the HOA tell me to find the records on a Google Drive or website instead of sending them to me?

Short Answer

Only if the records are actually there and accessible. Directing a homeowner to an empty or incomplete digital folder does not count as providing access.

Detailed Answer

In this case, the HOA President directed the homeowner to a Google Drive, but the Treasurer later admitted the specific documents requested were never uploaded. The ALJ ruled that because the documents were not on the drive, the homeowner was not supplied with access.

Alj Quote

Furthermore, although President directed Petitioner to search the Google Drive for the documents, Treasurer admitted on January 23, 2023, that the documents Petitioner was seeking were never on the drive. Thus, Petitioner was neither supplied nor had access to obtain the requisite financial statements.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • digital access
  • compliance
  • records request

Question

Can the HOA charge me a fee for looking at the records?

Short Answer

No. The HOA cannot charge for making material available for review, though they can charge for copies.

Detailed Answer

The law prohibits charging a member for the act of making material available for review. However, if the member requests copies, the association may charge a fee for those copies.

Alj Quote

The association shall not charge a member or any person designated by the member in writing for making material available for review. … An association may charge a fee for making copies of not more than fifteen cents per page.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • homeowner rights
  • costs

Question

If I win my hearing against the HOA, will I get my filing fee back?

Short Answer

Yes. If the petitioner prevails, the judge is required to order the respondent to reimburse the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

The statute mandates that if the homeowner (petitioner) prevails in the hearing, the administrative law judge must order the HOA (respondent) to pay the filing fee back to the homeowner.

Alj Quote

If the petitioner prevails, the administrative law judge shall order the respondent to pay to the petitioner the filing fee required by section 32-2199.01.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)

Topic Tags

  • reimbursement
  • outcomes
  • filing fees

Question

Will the judge automatically fine the HOA if they violated the records law?

Short Answer

No. While the judge has the authority to levy a civil penalty, it is not mandatory, and they may choose to deny a request for a penalty.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ has the discretion to levy a civil penalty but is not required to do so. In this case, although a violation was found, the judge explicitly denied the request to levy a civil penalty against the HOA.

Alj Quote

The administrative law judge… may levy a civil penalty on the basis of each violation… IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s request to levy a civil penalty against Respondent is denied.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(A)

Topic Tags

  • penalties
  • civil penalty
  • judgement

Case

Docket No
23F-H049-REL
Case Title
Deanna Smith v Moondance Townhomes Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2023-06-06
Alj Name
Brian Del Vecchio
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Deanna Smith (petitioner, board member)
    Moondance Townhomes Homeowners Association

Respondent Side

  • Christina Morgan (HOA attorney)
    Vingham
  • George Minter (President, board member, witness)
    Moondance Townhomes Homeowners Association
  • Linda Dieball (Treasurer, board member)
    Moondance Townhomes Homeowners Association

Neutral Parties

  • Brian Del Vecchio (ALJ)
    Office of Administrative Hearings
  • Susan Nicolson (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
  • AHansen (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
  • vnunez (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
  • djones (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
  • labril (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate

Quail Creek Villas Association, Inc. v. Randall & Gisela White

Case Summary

Case ID 23F-H042-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2023-05-09
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome full
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $100.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Quail Creek Villas Association, Inc. Counsel Michael Shupe, Esq.
Respondent Randall & Gisela White Counsel

Alleged Violations

CC&Rs Section 3(j)

Outcome Summary

The HOA's petition was granted. Respondents were found to have violated CC&Rs Section 3(j) by installing tile without approval and were ordered to comply with the CC&Rs, reimburse the $500 filing fee, and pay a $100 civil penalty.

Why this result: Respondents admitted to the alleged conduct and failed to establish a sufficient affirmative defense (incomplete CC&Rs) against the violation, as the recorded CC&Rs provided constructive notice of all provisions. Respondents' conduct during testimony was also considered a factor in aggravation.

Key Issues & Findings

Unauthorized exterior modification (tile installation)

Respondents permanently installed tile on their front porch entryway without obtaining prior written approval. The ALJ rejected the Respondents' defense regarding missing CC&R pages, noting the HOA sustained its burden of proving a community document violation by a preponderance of the evidence.

Orders: Respondents must henceforth abide by CC&Rs Section 3(j), reimburse the Petitioner $500.00 for the filing fee, and pay a $100.00 civil penalty to the Department.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes, Civil penalty: $100.00

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805
  • Federoff v. Pioneer Title & Trust Co., 166 Ariz. 393 (1990)
  • Heritage Heights Home Owners Ass’n v. Esser, 115 Ariz. 330 (App. 1977)
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • Flying Diamond Air Park LLC v. Minenberg, 215 Ariz. 44 (App. 2007)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: CC&R violation, Architectural Review Committee (ALC), exterior modification, tile installation, constructive notice, affirmative defense, HOA maintenance
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1803
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)
  • Arpaio v. Steinle, 201 Ariz. 353, 355 ¶ 5, 35 P.3d 114, 116 (App. 2001)
  • Gutierrez v. Industrial Commission of Arizona
  • State v. McFall, 103 Ariz. 234, 238, 439 P.2d 805, 809 (1968)
  • U.S. Parking v. City of Phoenix, 160 Ariz. 210, 772 P.2d 33 (App. 1989)
  • Deer Valley, v. Houser, 214 Ariz. 293, 296, 152 P.3d 490, 493 (2007)
  • Federoff v. Pioneer Title & Trust Co., 166 Ariz. 393 (1990)
  • Heritage Heights Home Owners Ass’n v. Esser, 115 Ariz. 330 (App. 1977)
  • Flying Diamond Air Park LLC v. Minenberg, 215 Ariz. 44 (App. 2007)

Video Overview

Audio Overview

https://open.spotify.com/episode/3itaPyCAGEsVerqaxDXPRZ

Decision Documents

23F-H042-REL Decision – 1048063.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:08 (55.7 KB)

23F-H042-REL Decision – 1055060.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:56:11 (219.4 KB)

Questions

Question

Am I excused from HOA rules if pages were missing from the copy of the CC&Rs I received at closing?

Short Answer

No. Recorded CC&Rs provide constructive notice of all provisions to homeowners, regardless of errors in the specific copy provided at closing.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ ruled that missing pages in the document package provided by a disclosure company or previous owner do not excuse a homeowner from compliance. Because CC&Rs are recorded public documents, homeowners are deemed to have 'constructive notice' of all rules contained within the recorded version.

Alj Quote

The Tribunal is not swayed by Mr. White’s incorrect legal interpretations regarding the annotated CC&Rs received by HomeWise, as the Pima County recorded CC&Rs provide constructive notice of all provisions contained within the community documents

Legal Basis

Constructive Notice

Topic Tags

  • CC&Rs
  • disclosure
  • compliance

Question

Can the HOA regulate changes to my property even if they aren't visible from the street or neighboring properties?

Short Answer

Yes, especially if the HOA is responsible for maintaining the exterior surfaces.

Detailed Answer

The decision upheld the HOA's authority to regulate exterior modifications regardless of visibility, particularly noting that when an owner acquires a lot where the HOA performs maintenance, they may give up rights to control the appearance of those areas.

Alj Quote

Each Owner of a Villas Lot understands, acknowledges and agrees that by acquiring an interest in a Lot in which landscaping and exterior maintenance is performed or arranged by the Villas Association, such Owner is giving up rights to control the appearance and use of the outside areas of such Owner’s Villas Lot.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Contractual Obligations

Topic Tags

  • architectural control
  • maintenance
  • visibility

Question

Can I fix a violation for unapproved flooring by simply covering it with a rug?

Short Answer

No. Covering an unapproved permanent installation with a removable item like a rug does not cure the underlying violation.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ rejected the homeowner's argument that placing a custom rug over unapproved tiles resolved the issue. The violation (the unapproved installation) persisted despite being hidden from view.

Alj Quote

The Tribunal is not swayed… by Mr. White’s placement of a custom cut rug in lieu of paying the fine to the Association.

Legal Basis

Remedy of Violation

Topic Tags

  • violations
  • remedies
  • architectural control

Question

Who has the burden of proof in an administrative hearing regarding an HOA dispute?

Short Answer

The Petitioner (the party bringing the case) bears the burden of proof.

Detailed Answer

The Petitioner must prove their case by a 'preponderance of the evidence' (meaning it is more likely true than not). Conversely, if the Respondent claims an affirmative defense (a legal excuse), they bear the burden of proving that defense.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805. Respondents bear the burden of establishing any affirmative defenses by the same evidentiary burden.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • procedural
  • burden of proof
  • evidence

Question

If I lose the hearing, do I have to reimburse the HOA for their filing fee?

Short Answer

Yes. The prevailing party is typically entitled to reimbursement of the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ ordered the losing homeowner to reimburse the HOA for the $500 filing fee they paid to bring the case. This is a statutory requirement under Arizona law.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondents shall reimburse Petitioner its filing fee of $500.00, to be paid directly to Petitioner within thirty (30) days of this ORDER, as required by ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.01

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • costs
  • penalties

Question

Can the ALJ order me to pay a penalty to the state in addition to reimbursing the HOA?

Short Answer

Yes. The ALJ has the authority to impose a civil penalty payable to the Arizona Department of Real Estate.

Detailed Answer

In this decision, in addition to ordering compliance and fee reimbursement to the HOA, the ALJ ordered the homeowner to pay a $100 civil penalty directly to the Department of Real Estate.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondents shall pay a $100.00 civil penalty in certified funds to the Department within thirty (30) days of this ORDER, as authorized by ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.02

Topic Tags

  • civil penalty
  • fines
  • ADRE

Question

Does my behavior during the dispute process affect the judge's decision?

Short Answer

Yes. Obfuscating or evasive conduct can be considered an aggravating factor against you.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ specifically noted that the homeowner's conduct during testimony was 'obfuscating' (confusing or unclear) and weighed this as a factor in aggravation when making the final ruling.

Alj Quote

Moreover, Mr. White’s conduct during the testimony was obfuscating, and is considered a factor in aggravation.

Legal Basis

Judicial Discretion

Topic Tags

  • conduct
  • hearing process
  • aggravating factors

Case

Docket No
23F-H042-REL
Case Title
Quail Creek Villas Association, Inc. vs. Randall & Gisela White
Decision Date
2023-05-09
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

Am I excused from HOA rules if pages were missing from the copy of the CC&Rs I received at closing?

Short Answer

No. Recorded CC&Rs provide constructive notice of all provisions to homeowners, regardless of errors in the specific copy provided at closing.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ ruled that missing pages in the document package provided by a disclosure company or previous owner do not excuse a homeowner from compliance. Because CC&Rs are recorded public documents, homeowners are deemed to have 'constructive notice' of all rules contained within the recorded version.

Alj Quote

The Tribunal is not swayed by Mr. White’s incorrect legal interpretations regarding the annotated CC&Rs received by HomeWise, as the Pima County recorded CC&Rs provide constructive notice of all provisions contained within the community documents

Legal Basis

Constructive Notice

Topic Tags

  • CC&Rs
  • disclosure
  • compliance

Question

Can the HOA regulate changes to my property even if they aren't visible from the street or neighboring properties?

Short Answer

Yes, especially if the HOA is responsible for maintaining the exterior surfaces.

Detailed Answer

The decision upheld the HOA's authority to regulate exterior modifications regardless of visibility, particularly noting that when an owner acquires a lot where the HOA performs maintenance, they may give up rights to control the appearance of those areas.

Alj Quote

Each Owner of a Villas Lot understands, acknowledges and agrees that by acquiring an interest in a Lot in which landscaping and exterior maintenance is performed or arranged by the Villas Association, such Owner is giving up rights to control the appearance and use of the outside areas of such Owner’s Villas Lot.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Contractual Obligations

Topic Tags

  • architectural control
  • maintenance
  • visibility

Question

Can I fix a violation for unapproved flooring by simply covering it with a rug?

Short Answer

No. Covering an unapproved permanent installation with a removable item like a rug does not cure the underlying violation.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ rejected the homeowner's argument that placing a custom rug over unapproved tiles resolved the issue. The violation (the unapproved installation) persisted despite being hidden from view.

Alj Quote

The Tribunal is not swayed… by Mr. White’s placement of a custom cut rug in lieu of paying the fine to the Association.

Legal Basis

Remedy of Violation

Topic Tags

  • violations
  • remedies
  • architectural control

Question

Who has the burden of proof in an administrative hearing regarding an HOA dispute?

Short Answer

The Petitioner (the party bringing the case) bears the burden of proof.

Detailed Answer

The Petitioner must prove their case by a 'preponderance of the evidence' (meaning it is more likely true than not). Conversely, if the Respondent claims an affirmative defense (a legal excuse), they bear the burden of proving that defense.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805. Respondents bear the burden of establishing any affirmative defenses by the same evidentiary burden.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • procedural
  • burden of proof
  • evidence

Question

If I lose the hearing, do I have to reimburse the HOA for their filing fee?

Short Answer

Yes. The prevailing party is typically entitled to reimbursement of the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ ordered the losing homeowner to reimburse the HOA for the $500 filing fee they paid to bring the case. This is a statutory requirement under Arizona law.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondents shall reimburse Petitioner its filing fee of $500.00, to be paid directly to Petitioner within thirty (30) days of this ORDER, as required by ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.01

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • costs
  • penalties

Question

Can the ALJ order me to pay a penalty to the state in addition to reimbursing the HOA?

Short Answer

Yes. The ALJ has the authority to impose a civil penalty payable to the Arizona Department of Real Estate.

Detailed Answer

In this decision, in addition to ordering compliance and fee reimbursement to the HOA, the ALJ ordered the homeowner to pay a $100 civil penalty directly to the Department of Real Estate.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondents shall pay a $100.00 civil penalty in certified funds to the Department within thirty (30) days of this ORDER, as authorized by ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.02

Topic Tags

  • civil penalty
  • fines
  • ADRE

Question

Does my behavior during the dispute process affect the judge's decision?

Short Answer

Yes. Obfuscating or evasive conduct can be considered an aggravating factor against you.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ specifically noted that the homeowner's conduct during testimony was 'obfuscating' (confusing or unclear) and weighed this as a factor in aggravation when making the final ruling.

Alj Quote

Moreover, Mr. White’s conduct during the testimony was obfuscating, and is considered a factor in aggravation.

Legal Basis

Judicial Discretion

Topic Tags

  • conduct
  • hearing process
  • aggravating factors

Case

Docket No
23F-H042-REL
Case Title
Quail Creek Villas Association, Inc. vs. Randall & Gisela White
Decision Date
2023-05-09
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Michael Shupe (HOA attorney)
    Goldschmidt Shupe, PLLC
    Appeared as counsel for Petitioner
  • Carolyn B. Goldschmidt (HOA attorney)
    Goldschmidt Shupe, PLLC
    Legal counsel for the Association; communication contact listed
  • Lori Don Woullet (Property Manager/Witness)
    Cadden Community Management
    Senior Community Association Manager
  • Diane Patricia Weber (Former Board Member/Witness)
    Quail Creek Villas Association, Inc.
    Former Board Treasurer
  • Lynn Birleffi (Witness)
    Quail Creek Villas Association, Inc.
    Called as a witness for Petitioner

Respondent Side

  • Randall White (Respondent)
    Quail Creek Villas Association, Inc.
    Appeared pro se and testified
  • Gisela White (Respondent)
    Quail Creek Villas Association, Inc.
    Appearance waived

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    Office of Administrative Hearings
    Presiding Administrative Law Judge
  • Susan Nicolson (ADRE Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate