Six resolves an important standing question for consumer-protection litigation in the Ninth Circuit: a single unwanted written communication sent to a represented consumer can, by itself, be a concrete injury sufficient to sue in federal court. By anchoring the injury in Congress’s privacy findings and the common-law…

For Arizona homeowners and HOAs, the decision addresses a recurring question: whether an HOA’s collection law firm may pull a delinquent owner’s credit report without consent. By treating the installment-based annual assessment as a voluntary “credit transaction,” the court gave collection firms a permissible-purpose…

For Arizona homeowners and community associations, this memorandum illustrates a recurring dividing line in assessment-collection disputes: whether the FDCPA even applies to an HOA’s efforts to collect unpaid dues. The FDCPA governs only “consumer” debt, and the Ninth Circuit’s analysis makes clear that the character…

This published Ninth Circuit decision is significant for homeowners, associations, and the law firms that collect HOA debt because it confirms that the FDCPA applies to judicial-foreclosure collection of delinquent assessments. Many collectors had read Ho v. ReconTrust to mean that any foreclosure is outside the Act.…

For homeowners’ associations and the law firms that collect their assessments, this published Ninth Circuit decision confirms that a single letter can be both a Davis-Stirling pre-lien notice and full-blown FDCPA debt collection. A collector cannot escape § 1692g simply by saying it was ‘perfecting a security interest…

This published bankruptcy decision is frequently cited for the proposition that an individual debtor’s personal liability for homeowner- and condominium-association assessments does not stop at the bankruptcy filing or at stay relief—it continues, post-petition, for as long as the debtor holds legal title to the unit.…