Wesley T Chadwick v. Entrada Mountainside Homeowners Association

Case Summary

Case ID 22F-H2221022-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2022-06-14
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome partial
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Wesley T Chadwick Counsel
Respondent Entrada Mountainside Homeowners Association Counsel Eadie Rudder, Esq. and Nick Eicher, Esq.

Alleged Violations

CC&Rs Article 10 Section 9

Outcome Summary

Petitioner's petition was granted in part based on the violation of CC&Rs Article 10.9 (failure to provide specific steps to cure violations), resulting in a $500.00 payment to Petitioner. The petition was denied in part regarding alleged violations of CC&Rs Article 4.5, 10.1, and 10.10, as Petitioner failed to sustain the burden of proof on those issues.

Why this result: Petitioner failed to sustain the burden of proof for the allegations concerning CC&Rs Article 4.5 (as it applies solely to construction activities), Article 10.1 (as subsequent letters stemmed from the same issues), and Article 10.10 (as Petitioner failed to allege or establish a violation of a specific law, ordinance or regulation).

Key Issues & Findings

The Association violated Article 10 Section 9 of the CC&Rs by failing to provide specific steps necessary to cure the violation with each violation notice that was sent as required under the CC&Rs

The Association violated Article 10.9 by issuing vague, overbroad, and nondescript violation warning letters that failed to provide the requisite specific steps Petitioner needed to take to satisfactorily remedy the alleged violation(s), such as covering exposed irrigation lines, removing a specific plant, or filling in holes.

Orders: Respondent is ORDERED to pay $500.00 to Petitioner, a pro rata portion of his filing fee, directly to Petitioner within thirty (30) days of this ORDER.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • CC&Rs Article 10.9
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA enforcement, notice specificity, arbitrary and capricious, CC&R violation, landscaping, weeds
Additional Citations:

  • CC&Rs Article 4 Section 5
  • CC&Rs Article 10 Section 1
  • CC&Rs Article 10 Section 9
  • CC&Rs Article 10 Section 10
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

22F-H2221022-REL Decision – 946305.pdf

Uploaded 2025-12-12T02:34:57 (47.7 KB)

22F-H2221022-REL Decision – 950368.pdf

Uploaded 2025-12-12T02:34:57 (46.3 KB)

22F-H2221022-REL Decision – 957992.pdf

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22F-H2221022-REL Decision – 958039.pdf

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22F-H2221022-REL Decision – 960467.pdf

Uploaded 2025-12-12T02:34:58 (49.7 KB)

22F-H2221022-REL Decision – 977411.pdf

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Briefing Doc – 22F-H2221022-REL


Briefing Document: Chadwick v. Entrada Mountainside Homeowners Association

Executive Summary

This document synthesizes the proceedings and outcome of the administrative case Wesley T Chadwick v. Entrada Mountainside Homeowners Association (No. 22F-H2221022-REL). The dispute centered on a series of six violation notices and associated fines issued by the Association to the Petitioner regarding the landscaping of his front yard between January and June 2021.

The Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) ultimately ruled in partial favor of the Petitioner, finding that the Association violated its own governing documents. The core of the decision rested on the finding that the Association’s violation notices were “vague, overbroad, and nondescript,” failing to provide the specific steps necessary for the homeowner to cure the alleged violations as required by the Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs). Critically, the ALJ also determined that the Association cited an inapplicable article of the CC&Rs (pertaining to construction activities) in all of its notices, when a different article (concerning landscaping maintenance) should have been used.

As a result, the Petitioner’s petition was granted in part, and the Association was ordered to pay the Petitioner $500.00, representing a pro rata portion of his filing fee. While the petition’s claims of improper fine progression and violations of state law were denied, the central finding regarding the insufficiency of the notices effectively invalidated the basis for the Association’s enforcement action.

Case Overview

Case Name

Wesley T Chadwick, Petitioner, vs. Entrada Mountainside Homeowners Association, Respondent

Case Number

22F-H2221022-REL

Arizona Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH)

Presiding Judge

Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark

Petitioner

Wesley T Chadwick (Appeared on his own behalf)

Respondent

Entrada Mountainside Homeowners Association

Respondent’s Counsel

Nick Eicher, Esq. & Eadie Rudder, Esq. (Carpenter, Hazlewood, Delgado & Bolen, LLP)

Key Witnesses

Danielle Miglio (Association Property Manager), Cynthia Ecker (Association Board Vice President)

Hearing Date

May 25, 2022

Decision Date

June 14, 2022

Chronology of the Dispute

The conflict unfolded over approximately six months, followed by a period of appeals and the formal administrative hearing.

Jan 25, 2021

Petitioner receives 1st Notice citing Article 4.5 for weeds. Directive is “PLEASE REMOVE WEEDS.”

Feb 09, 2021

Petitioner receives 2nd Notice, identical to the first, with an added $50.00 fine.

Feb 10, 2021

Petitioner hires contractors to remove dead cacti (350)andweeds(100).

Feb 25, 2021

Petitioner receives 3rd Notice, identical to the first two, with an added $100.00 fine.

Mar 18, 2021

Petitioner and the Association’s property management company (OPM) reach an agreement via email: the $100 fine is waived in exchange for payment of the $50 fine, provided no new weed violations occur within 90 days.

Mar 23, 2021

Petitioner receives 4th Notice (dated March 15), which now includes the directive “fix rock area” and a $100.00 fine.

Mar 30, 2021

Petitioner receives 5th Notice, identical to the fourth, with another $100.00 fine.

Apr 05, 2021

In an email exchange, OPM manager Danielle Miglio provides a photo with circled areas of concern, identifying exposed irrigation lines, holes, weeds, and an overgrown plant for the first time with specificity.

May 2021

Petitioner submits a formal request to the Board of Directors to review the case and waive fines.

June 2021

Petitioner is informed his request was denied by the Board.

June 16, 2021

Petitioner receives 6th Notice, which reverts to “PLEASE REMOVE WEEDS” and adds a $100.00 fine.

June 22, 2021

OPM informs Petitioner the Board would not waive fees until the violation is closed, but could remove $75 after three months of compliance.

Sep 23, 2021

Petitioner appears at a Board meeting to appeal; his request is again denied.

Oct 14, 2021

Petitioner files his formal petition with the Arizona Department of Real Estate.

May 25, 2022

An all-day evidentiary hearing is held at the Office of Administrative Hearings.

June 14, 2022

The Administrative Law Judge issues a final decision.

Core Allegations and Arguments

The hearing addressed four specific issues raised in the Petitioner’s petition, which formed the basis of the legal arguments.

Petitioner’s Position (Wesley T Chadwick)

1. Violation of CC&R Article 10.9 (Lack of Specificity): The violation notices were fundamentally deficient because they failed to provide “specific steps which must be taken… to cure the violation.” Directives like “PLEASE REMOVE WEEDS” and “fix rock area” were overly broad. The entire front yard consists of rock, making “fix rock area” ambiguous. The Association only provided clarity with a circled photograph after issuing multiple notices and fines.

2. Violation of CC&R Article 4.5 (Exceeding Authority): The Association exceeded its authority by issuing violations for issues not explicitly covered by the language it quoted in the notices, such as exposed irrigation lines or a specific plant which was not a weed. The notices selectively quoted the portion of Article 4.5 related to weeds and debris, omitting the broader “unsightly” language, which misled the Petitioner as to the nature of the violation.

3. Violation of CC&R Article 10.1 (Improper Fine Progression): The introduction of a new issue, “fix rock area,” in the fourth notice constituted a new violation. As such, it should have been preceded by a warning notice, not an immediate $100 fine as part of a continuing violation.

4. Violation of CC&R Article 10.10 (Arbitrary and Capricious Enforcement): The Association enforced its rules selectively and arbitrarily. This was evidenced during the hearing when the Board’s Vice President, Cynthia Ecker, admitted under oath that her own property had exposed irrigation lines visible from the yard, yet she had never received a violation notice.

Respondent’s Position (Entrada Mountainside HOA)

1. Broad Discretionary Authority: CC&R Article 4.5 grants the Association’s Architectural Committee the “exclusive right to determine the existence of any nuisance” and provides wide discretion to enforce against any condition deemed “unsanitary, unsightly, offensive, or detrimental.”

2. Continuing Nature of the Violation: The entire series of violations stemmed from a single, ongoing issue of poor landscape maintenance. The Petitioner created the “debris”—the hole and exposed irrigation lines—by failing to complete the remediation after removing the cacti. This was a continuation of the original violation, not a new one, and thus did not require a new warning notice.

3. Petitioner’s Responsibility: The Petitioner failed to use his right to appeal the initial notices and only engaged with the Association after three notices had been issued. He admitted to not having reviewed the Association’s official landscape guidelines. The onus was on him to seek clarification if he found the notices unclear.

4. Good Faith Efforts to Comply: The Association manager went “above and beyond” by sending a detailed photo with circled areas, a measure not typically taken. The Association also demonstrated a willingness to work with the Petitioner on fines by waiving the initial $100 fine and later offering a potential $75 reduction.

Administrative Law Judge’s Decision and Rationale

The ALJ’s decision focused on the procedural adequacy and legal foundation of the Association’s violation notices.

Final Ruling

The petition was GRANTED, in part, and DENIED, in part.

Granted: The claim that the Association violated CC&R Article 10.9 by failing to provide specific notice was upheld.

Denied: The claims that the Association violated CC&R Articles 4.5, 10.1, and 10.10 were not sustained.

Key Findings and Rationale

1. Violation of CC&R Article 10.9 (Notice of Violation): This was the central finding in the Petitioner’s favor. The ALJ concluded the Association failed its contractual obligation to provide adequate notice.

Direct Quote from Decision: “Here, what the Association did was essentially tell Petitioner to ‘fix this’ without telling him exactly what needed fixing and affording him a reasonable opportunity to comply.”

◦ The directives “PLEASE REMOVE WEEDS” and “fix rock area” were deemed insufficient to inform a person of ordinary prudence of the specific actions required, such as covering irrigation lines or removing a particular plant.

◦ The fact that the Association later had to provide a photograph with “circled with specific areas of concern after issuing multiple warning letters” was cited as evidence that the initial notices were inadequate.

2. Misapplication of CC&R Article 4.5 (Nuisances): In a critical finding, the ALJ determined that the Association had cited the wrong governing article in all six of its notices.

◦ The decision states: “It is clear from the record that CC&Rs Article 4.5 is inapplicable as the regulation pertains solely to construction activities… CC&Rs Article 4.4 [Maintenance of Landscaping] should have been used by Respondent.”

◦ This finding invalidated the legal basis for every notice issued to the Petitioner.

3. Ruling on Other Allegations:

Article 10.1 (Enforcement): The ALJ found no violation, concluding that notices 2-6 all “stemmed from the same issue(s)” raised in the first letter and were not new violations requiring a separate warning.

Article 10.10 (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations): The ALJ found no violation because the “Petitioner failed to allege that Respondent violated a specific law, ordinance or regulation.” This indicates the claim of arbitrary enforcement was not sustained on a technical basis, despite the testimony from the Board’s Vice President.

Final Order

Based on the finding that the Association violated CC&R Article 10.9:

IT IS ORDERED that Respondent pay $500.00 to Petitioner; a pro rata portion of his filing fee, to be paid directly to Petitioner within thirty (30) days of the ORDER.


Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Wesley T Chadwick (petitioner)

Respondent Side

  • Nick Eicher (HOA attorney)
    Carpenter, Hazlewood, Delgado & Bolen, LLP
    Counsel for Respondent
  • Eadie Rudder (HOA attorney)
    Carpenter, Hazlewood, Delgado & Bolen, LLP
    Counsel for Respondent
  • Danielle Miglio (property manager, witness)
    Oasis Community Management
  • Cynthia Marie Ecker (board member, witness, VP)
    Entrada Mountainside Homeowners Association
  • Mara Jolie (property manager)
    OPM
    HOA assistant manager

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    Office of Administrative Hearings
  • Louis Dettorre (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
  • Miranda Alvarez (legal secretary)
    OAH
    Transmission staff
  • DGardner (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email recipient for transmission
  • AHansen (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email recipient for transmission
  • vnunez (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email recipient for transmission
  • djones (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email recipient for transmission
  • labril (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email recipient for transmission

Other Participants

  • c. serrano (staff)
    Transmission staff

John J Balaco v. Sun City Oro Valley Community Association, Inc.

Case Summary

Case ID 22F-H2221011-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2022-03-21
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome loss
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner John J Balaco Counsel
Respondent Sun City Oro Valley Community Association, Inc. Counsel Nicholas Nogami, Esq. & Sami Farhat, Esq.

Alleged Violations

5th Amended Master Declaration Article 6.7

Outcome Summary

The Petitioner's claim was denied because the ALJ concluded that the alleged violation of the 5th Amended Master Declaration Article 6.7 was not proven by a preponderance of the evidence; the argument was premature as the action (substantial change in use) had not yet come to fruition.

Why this result: Petitioner failed to meet the burden of proof; the argument was not ripe and predicated on actions that have yet to occur.

Key Issues & Findings

Change in Use of Common Area

Petitioner alleged that the Association violated Article 6.7 by modifying renovation plans for the Activity Center's coffee bar to include the sale of alcoholic beverages (cafe wine bar) without the requisite 60% membership vote, arguing this converted common area into a restricted commercial bar.

Orders: Petitioners' petition is denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: petitioner_loss

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09
  • 5th Amended Master Declaration Article 6.7

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA, Master Declaration, Change of Use, Common Area, Liquor License, Renovation, Ripeness, Cafe Wine Bar
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

22F-H2221011-REL Decision – 935334.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:40:43 (49.3 KB)

22F-H2221011-REL Decision – 956246.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:40:48 (138.2 KB)

Questions

Question

Who is responsible for proving that the HOA violated the community documents?

Short Answer

The homeowner (Petitioner) bears the burden of proof.

Detailed Answer

In an administrative hearing regarding an HOA dispute, the burden falls on the homeowner filing the petition to prove that a violation occurred. The HOA does not have to disprove the claim; the petitioner must provide sufficient evidence to support their allegations.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated a community document.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • procedure

Question

How much evidence is required to win a case against an HOA?

Short Answer

A preponderance of the evidence.

Detailed Answer

The standard of proof is 'preponderance of the evidence,' which means the evidence must show that the homeowner's claim is more likely true than not. It is based on the convincing force of the evidence rather than the quantity of witnesses.

Alj Quote

A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.

Legal Basis

MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5

Topic Tags

  • evidence
  • legal standards

Question

Can I file a petition against my HOA for a violation that hasn't happened yet but is planned?

Short Answer

Generally, no. The dispute must be 'ripe' and not theoretical.

Detailed Answer

Administrative Law Judges generally cannot rule on grievances that are theoretical or based on actions that have not yet occurred. If a construction project or change has not physically started, a claim that it 'will' cause a violation may be dismissed as not ripe.

Alj Quote

The crux of Petitioner’s is theoretical and predicated on action(s) that have yet to occur… Therefore, it cannot reasonably be concluded that the Association substantially changed the use of a portion of a common area.

Legal Basis

Ripeness Doctrine

Topic Tags

  • ripeness
  • future violations
  • construction

Question

Can the Administrative Law Judge order an injunction to stop the HOA from doing something?

Short Answer

No, injunctive relief is unavailable in this administrative process.

Detailed Answer

The administrative hearing process in Arizona for HOA disputes does not grant the ALJ the authority to issue injunctions (orders to stop an action) or declaratory relief. The ALJ determines if a violation occurred based on past or present facts.

Alj Quote

Based on Petitioner’s arguments in closing, it is apparent that he is seeking injunctive and/or declaratory relief that is unavailable for litigants in the administrative hearing process in the State of Arizona.

Legal Basis

Administrative Hearing Limits

Topic Tags

  • injunctions
  • remedies
  • legal relief

Question

Does a renovation of a common area facility automatically count as a 'substantial change in use'?

Short Answer

Not necessarily, especially if the change hasn't occurred yet or doesn't alter the character of the area.

Detailed Answer

Whether a renovation is a 'substantial change in use' (which often requires a member vote) depends on if it changes the character and nature of the area. However, if the project is not yet built, an ALJ may be unable to determine if the change is substantial.

Alj Quote

Notably, the undersigned cannot make any determinations about whether the Association’s proposed voter-approved construction would alter the character and nature of the common area to such an extent that it would create a “substantial change of use” to the area.

Legal Basis

Master Declaration Article 6.7 (cited in decision)

Topic Tags

  • common areas
  • renovations
  • change of use

Question

Is the decision made by the Administrative Law Judge final and binding?

Short Answer

Yes, unless a rehearing is granted.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ's order is binding on both the homeowner and the HOA unless one party successfully files for a rehearing within 30 days of service of the order.

Alj Quote

Pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B), this Order is binding on the parties unless a rehearing is granted pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B)

Topic Tags

  • appeals
  • binding order
  • procedure

Case

Docket No
22F-H2221011-REL
Case Title
John J Balaco vs. Sun City Oro Valley Community Association, Inc.
Decision Date
2022-03-21
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

Who is responsible for proving that the HOA violated the community documents?

Short Answer

The homeowner (Petitioner) bears the burden of proof.

Detailed Answer

In an administrative hearing regarding an HOA dispute, the burden falls on the homeowner filing the petition to prove that a violation occurred. The HOA does not have to disprove the claim; the petitioner must provide sufficient evidence to support their allegations.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated a community document.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • procedure

Question

How much evidence is required to win a case against an HOA?

Short Answer

A preponderance of the evidence.

Detailed Answer

The standard of proof is 'preponderance of the evidence,' which means the evidence must show that the homeowner's claim is more likely true than not. It is based on the convincing force of the evidence rather than the quantity of witnesses.

Alj Quote

A preponderance of the evidence is such proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.

Legal Basis

MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5

Topic Tags

  • evidence
  • legal standards

Question

Can I file a petition against my HOA for a violation that hasn't happened yet but is planned?

Short Answer

Generally, no. The dispute must be 'ripe' and not theoretical.

Detailed Answer

Administrative Law Judges generally cannot rule on grievances that are theoretical or based on actions that have not yet occurred. If a construction project or change has not physically started, a claim that it 'will' cause a violation may be dismissed as not ripe.

Alj Quote

The crux of Petitioner’s is theoretical and predicated on action(s) that have yet to occur… Therefore, it cannot reasonably be concluded that the Association substantially changed the use of a portion of a common area.

Legal Basis

Ripeness Doctrine

Topic Tags

  • ripeness
  • future violations
  • construction

Question

Can the Administrative Law Judge order an injunction to stop the HOA from doing something?

Short Answer

No, injunctive relief is unavailable in this administrative process.

Detailed Answer

The administrative hearing process in Arizona for HOA disputes does not grant the ALJ the authority to issue injunctions (orders to stop an action) or declaratory relief. The ALJ determines if a violation occurred based on past or present facts.

Alj Quote

Based on Petitioner’s arguments in closing, it is apparent that he is seeking injunctive and/or declaratory relief that is unavailable for litigants in the administrative hearing process in the State of Arizona.

Legal Basis

Administrative Hearing Limits

Topic Tags

  • injunctions
  • remedies
  • legal relief

Question

Does a renovation of a common area facility automatically count as a 'substantial change in use'?

Short Answer

Not necessarily, especially if the change hasn't occurred yet or doesn't alter the character of the area.

Detailed Answer

Whether a renovation is a 'substantial change in use' (which often requires a member vote) depends on if it changes the character and nature of the area. However, if the project is not yet built, an ALJ may be unable to determine if the change is substantial.

Alj Quote

Notably, the undersigned cannot make any determinations about whether the Association’s proposed voter-approved construction would alter the character and nature of the common area to such an extent that it would create a “substantial change of use” to the area.

Legal Basis

Master Declaration Article 6.7 (cited in decision)

Topic Tags

  • common areas
  • renovations
  • change of use

Question

Is the decision made by the Administrative Law Judge final and binding?

Short Answer

Yes, unless a rehearing is granted.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ's order is binding on both the homeowner and the HOA unless one party successfully files for a rehearing within 30 days of service of the order.

Alj Quote

Pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B), this Order is binding on the parties unless a rehearing is granted pursuant to ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B)

Topic Tags

  • appeals
  • binding order
  • procedure

Case

Docket No
22F-H2221011-REL
Case Title
John J Balaco vs. Sun City Oro Valley Community Association, Inc.
Decision Date
2022-03-21
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • John J Balaco (petitioner)
  • Diane Paton (witness)
  • James Gearhart (helper / observer)
    Assisted Petitioner with documents; observed hearing

Respondent Side

  • Nicholas Nogami (attorney)
    Carpenter Hazlewood Delgado & Bolen LLP
    Counsel for Respondent
  • Sami Farhat (attorney)
    Carpenter Hazlewood Delgado & Bolen LLP
    Counsel for Respondent
  • Mark Wade (general manager / witness)
  • Randall Jean Trenary (controller / witness)
    Liquor license agent
  • James Henry Mitchell (witness)
    Also referred to as Jim Mitchell or Randall James Mitchell

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    OAH
  • Louis Dettorre (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
  • DGardner (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Contact for appeal procedure
  • c. serrano (OAH staff)
    OAH
    Transmitter of Minute Entry
  • Miranda Alvarez (OAH staff)
    OAH
    Transmitter of ALJ Decision

Other Participants

  • Marla Balaco (observer)
  • Janet Ambrosio (observer)
  • Sheila Helmuth (observer)
  • Sherokee Ilse (observer)
  • Edward Zwerling (observer)
  • Robin Coulter (observer)
  • Rocky Gedrose (observer)
  • Thelma LaFleur (observer)
  • Tim Kelley (observer)
  • Vicki McFadden (observer)
  • Allan Mashburn (observer)
  • Cathy Winje (observer)
  • Chris Ludwig (observer)
  • Dan Edward (observer)
  • Dibri Ruiz (observer)
  • Donna Harting (observer)
  • Eric Meyers (observer)
  • Anthony Denaro (observer)
  • Melanie Stenson (observer)
  • Bertha Medina (observer)
  • Carol Johnson (observer)
  • Rita Petterson (observer)
  • David Sullivan (observer)
  • Gary Lurch (observer)
  • Janet Keller (observer)
  • Joanne Keck (observer)
  • Kaaren Brent (observer)
  • Karen Roche (observer)
  • Ken Sandrick (observer)
  • Kristi Halverson (observer)
  • Lindsay Welbers (observer)
  • Marie Scarpulla (observer)
  • Maxine Yunker (observer)
  • Pamela Sarpalius (observer)
  • Phyliss Austin (observer)
  • Robert Watson (observer)
  • Sandra Fischer (observer)
  • Sharon Kennedy (observer)
  • Vicki McFadin (observer)
  • William Whitney (observer)

Nancy L Pope v. La Vida Homeowners Association

Case Summary

Case ID 22F-H2221013-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2022-03-02
Administrative Law Judge Tammy L. Eigenheer
Outcome total
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Nancy L Pope Counsel
Respondent La Vida Homeowners Association Counsel Erik J. Stone

Alleged Violations

CC&Rs Article V Section 1, CC&Rs Article VI Section 1a, and Bylaws Article IV Section 2c

Outcome Summary

The Administrative Law Judge granted Petitioner's request, finding that the HOA violated its community documents regarding common area maintenance because a bottle tree in the common area caused damage to Petitioner's property. The ALJ ordered the HOA to comply with the relevant community document provisions and refund the Petitioner's $500.00 filing fee. The ALJ noted she lacked statutory authority to award the approximately $28,486.00 in monetary damages requested by Petitioner.

Key Issues & Findings

HOA failure to maintain common area landscaping resulting in root damage to homeowner property.

The Respondent HOA violated its community document obligations for common area maintenance (including landscaping) because a bottle tree located in the common area caused substantial root intrusion damage (lifting and heaving) to the Petitioner's patio and concrete slab.

Orders: Petition granted. Respondent ordered to abide by CC&Rs Article V Section 1, CC&Rs Article VI Section 1a, and Bylaws Article IV Section 2c. Respondent ordered to pay Petitioner the filing fee of $500.00 within thirty (30) days. No civil penalty imposed.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220

Analytics Highlights

Topics: homeowner rights, maintenance violation, root damage, planned community, bottle tree, CC&Rs
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

22F-H2221013-REL Decision – 932121.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:41:00 (43.6 KB)

22F-H2221013-REL Decision – 932140.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:41:05 (5.8 KB)

22F-H2221013-REL Decision – 951381.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:41:08 (122.2 KB)

22F-H2221013-REL Decision – 954163.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:41:10 (46.1 KB)

Questions

Question

If a tree in the HOA common area damages my home, is the HOA responsible even if the tree was planted by a previous homeowner?

Short Answer

Yes. The HOA's duty to maintain the common area applies regardless of who originally planted the tree.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ determined that even though the parties presumed the trees were planted by an original homeowner decades ago, the HOA still had an obligation to maintain the common area. The HOA was found in violation of the CC&Rs because the tree located in the common area caused damage to the homeowner's property.

Alj Quote

Respondent’s duty to maintain the Common Area did not end at the boundary line of the Common Area. A tree in Respondent’s Common Area caused damage to Petitioner’s property.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Article V Section 1; Article VI Section 1a

Topic Tags

  • common area maintenance
  • property damage
  • landscaping
  • liability

Question

Can the Administrative Law Judge award me money (damages) to cover the cost of repairs to my home?

Short Answer

No. The ALJ does not have the statutory authority to award monetary damages or injunctive relief.

Detailed Answer

While the ALJ can determine that a violation occurred and order the HOA to abide by the community documents, they cannot order the HOA to pay for the repairs (damages). The homeowner may need to pursue a separate civil action for monetary compensation beyond the filing fee.

Alj Quote

Nothing in the statutes applicable to these disputes provides the Administrative Law Judge with any additional authority to award damages, injunction relief, or declaratory judgments.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.02

Topic Tags

  • damages
  • remedies
  • jurisdiction
  • repairs

Question

If I win my hearing against the HOA, will I get my filing fee back?

Short Answer

Yes. If the petitioner prevails, the ALJ is required to order the respondent to pay the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

The decision explicitly ordered the HOA to reimburse the homeowner for the $500 filing fee because the petition was granted. This is a statutory requirement when the petitioner wins.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent pay Petitioner her filing fee of $500.00, to be paid directly to Petitioner within thirty (30) days of this Order.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.02

Topic Tags

  • filing fees
  • reimbursement
  • costs

Question

Does the HOA's duty to 'maintain' landscaping include preventing root damage, or just trimming trees?

Short Answer

The duty to maintain includes preventing damage. Regular trimming is not sufficient if the roots are causing damage.

Detailed Answer

The HOA argued that they fulfilled their duty by having a landscaper trim the trees. However, the ALJ found that despite this regular maintenance, the HOA violated the CC&Rs because the tree's existence and condition caused damage to the adjacent property.

Alj Quote

Despite Respondent’s contract with CityScape for regular arbor maintenance, the bottle tree’s roots caused lifting and heaving of Petitioner’s patio and concrete slab.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Article V Section 1

Topic Tags

  • maintenance definition
  • landscaping
  • negligence defense

Question

What is the standard of proof I need to meet to win a hearing against my HOA?

Short Answer

You must prove your case by a 'preponderance of the evidence'.

Detailed Answer

The homeowner bears the burden of proof. This standard means you must show that your claim is 'more probably true than not' or carries the greater weight of the evidence.

Alj Quote

Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated a community document.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 41-1092.07

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • evidence

Question

Is the HOA liable if they claim they didn't know the roots were causing problems?

Short Answer

Yes. Lack of knowledge or 'negligence' is not necessarily the standard for a CC&R violation in this context.

Detailed Answer

The HOA argued they were not negligent because they did not know about the root intrusion. The ALJ ruled against them anyway, basing the decision on the strict violation of the duty to maintain the common area which resulted in damage, effectively setting aside the 'we didn't know' defense.

Alj Quote

Respondent further argued that because it did not know or have reason to know of the root intrusion, Respondent was not negligent… [However,] the undersigned Administrative Law Judge concludes that… Petitioner established a violation… her petition must be granted.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Article V Section 1

Topic Tags

  • negligence
  • liability
  • defense arguments

Case

Docket No
22F-H2221013-REL
Case Title
Nancy L. Pope vs. La Vida Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2022-03-02
Alj Name
Tammy L. Eigenheer
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

If a tree in the HOA common area damages my home, is the HOA responsible even if the tree was planted by a previous homeowner?

Short Answer

Yes. The HOA's duty to maintain the common area applies regardless of who originally planted the tree.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ determined that even though the parties presumed the trees were planted by an original homeowner decades ago, the HOA still had an obligation to maintain the common area. The HOA was found in violation of the CC&Rs because the tree located in the common area caused damage to the homeowner's property.

Alj Quote

Respondent’s duty to maintain the Common Area did not end at the boundary line of the Common Area. A tree in Respondent’s Common Area caused damage to Petitioner’s property.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Article V Section 1; Article VI Section 1a

Topic Tags

  • common area maintenance
  • property damage
  • landscaping
  • liability

Question

Can the Administrative Law Judge award me money (damages) to cover the cost of repairs to my home?

Short Answer

No. The ALJ does not have the statutory authority to award monetary damages or injunctive relief.

Detailed Answer

While the ALJ can determine that a violation occurred and order the HOA to abide by the community documents, they cannot order the HOA to pay for the repairs (damages). The homeowner may need to pursue a separate civil action for monetary compensation beyond the filing fee.

Alj Quote

Nothing in the statutes applicable to these disputes provides the Administrative Law Judge with any additional authority to award damages, injunction relief, or declaratory judgments.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.02

Topic Tags

  • damages
  • remedies
  • jurisdiction
  • repairs

Question

If I win my hearing against the HOA, will I get my filing fee back?

Short Answer

Yes. If the petitioner prevails, the ALJ is required to order the respondent to pay the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

The decision explicitly ordered the HOA to reimburse the homeowner for the $500 filing fee because the petition was granted. This is a statutory requirement when the petitioner wins.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent pay Petitioner her filing fee of $500.00, to be paid directly to Petitioner within thirty (30) days of this Order.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.02

Topic Tags

  • filing fees
  • reimbursement
  • costs

Question

Does the HOA's duty to 'maintain' landscaping include preventing root damage, or just trimming trees?

Short Answer

The duty to maintain includes preventing damage. Regular trimming is not sufficient if the roots are causing damage.

Detailed Answer

The HOA argued that they fulfilled their duty by having a landscaper trim the trees. However, the ALJ found that despite this regular maintenance, the HOA violated the CC&Rs because the tree's existence and condition caused damage to the adjacent property.

Alj Quote

Despite Respondent’s contract with CityScape for regular arbor maintenance, the bottle tree’s roots caused lifting and heaving of Petitioner’s patio and concrete slab.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Article V Section 1

Topic Tags

  • maintenance definition
  • landscaping
  • negligence defense

Question

What is the standard of proof I need to meet to win a hearing against my HOA?

Short Answer

You must prove your case by a 'preponderance of the evidence'.

Detailed Answer

The homeowner bears the burden of proof. This standard means you must show that your claim is 'more probably true than not' or carries the greater weight of the evidence.

Alj Quote

Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated a community document.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 41-1092.07

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • evidence

Question

Is the HOA liable if they claim they didn't know the roots were causing problems?

Short Answer

Yes. Lack of knowledge or 'negligence' is not necessarily the standard for a CC&R violation in this context.

Detailed Answer

The HOA argued they were not negligent because they did not know about the root intrusion. The ALJ ruled against them anyway, basing the decision on the strict violation of the duty to maintain the common area which resulted in damage, effectively setting aside the 'we didn't know' defense.

Alj Quote

Respondent further argued that because it did not know or have reason to know of the root intrusion, Respondent was not negligent… [However,] the undersigned Administrative Law Judge concludes that… Petitioner established a violation… her petition must be granted.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Article V Section 1

Topic Tags

  • negligence
  • liability
  • defense arguments

Case

Docket No
22F-H2221013-REL
Case Title
Nancy L. Pope vs. La Vida Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2022-03-02
Alj Name
Tammy L. Eigenheer
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Nancy L Pope (petitioner)
  • Ed Humston (witness)
    H&H Enterprises of Arizona
    Petitioner's Contractor

Respondent Side

  • Erik J. Stone (HOA attorney)
    Jones, Skelton & Hochuli, P.L.C.
  • Gabrielle Sherwood (property manager)
    City Property Management
    Community Manager for La Vida HOA
  • Debbie Duffy (board member)
    La Vida Homeowners Association
    Board Secretary
  • Lawrence Oliva (board member)
    La Vida Homeowners Association
    Board President
  • Barbara (board member)
    La Vida Homeowners Association
    Mentioned in email correspondence

Neutral Parties

  • Tammy L. Eigenheer (ALJ)
    OAH
  • Louis Dettorre (Commissioner)
    ADRE
  • Santos Diaz (witness)
    CareScape
    Area Manager for CareScape, Respondent's landscaper
  • c. serrano (unknown)
    Transmitted documents
  • Miranda Alvarez (unknown)
    Transmitted documents
  • AHansen (unknown)
    ADRE staff
    Recipient of transmission
  • djones (unknown)
    ADRE staff
    Recipient of transmission
  • DGardner (unknown)
    ADRE staff
    Recipient of transmission
  • vnunez (unknown)
    ADRE staff
    Recipient of transmission
  • tandert (unknown)
    ADRE staff
    Recipient of transmission

Dean A Yelenik v. Meridian Condominiums Homeowners Association

Case Summary

Case ID 22F-H2221021-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2022-02-18
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome loss
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Dean A Yelenik Counsel
Respondent Meridian Condominiums Homeowners Association Counsel Nick Eicher, Esq.

Alleged Violations

ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 33-1243(B) and Community Bylaws 3.1 and 3.6

Outcome Summary

The ALJ found the Board acted within its lawful authority because the governing documents and statute cited did not explicitly prohibit a Board Member from resigning and immediately being appointed to fill an unexpired term to elongate their service, and Petitioner failed to meet the burden of proof.

Why this result: Petitioner failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the Association violated ARS § 33-1243(B) and Bylaws 3.1 and 3.6. The Tribunal found the Board’s action, though potentially questionable, was not unlawful.

Key Issues & Findings

Whether the Association violated ARS § 33-1243(B) and Bylaws 3.1 and 3.6 by appointing an existing board member to fill a vacancy, effectively extending her term.

The Board appointed existing Board member Joan Robley to fill the unexpired term of Board Member Gallu (expiring Jan 2023) immediately after she resigned her own seat (expiring Jan 2021), which Petitioner alleged violated governing documents by extending her term and not genuinely filling a vacancy.

Orders: Petitioner's petition was denied.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: petitioner_loss

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243(B)
  • Community Bylaws 3.1
  • Community Bylaws 3.6
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05

Analytics Highlights

Topics: Board Vacancy, Term Extension, Bylaw Interpretation, Resignation and Reappointment, ARS 33-1243(B)
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243(B)
  • Community Bylaws 3.1
  • Community Bylaws 3.6
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

22F-H2221021-REL Decision – 948752.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:42:33 (130.2 KB)

Questions

Question

Can a board member resign and immediately be appointed to a different vacancy to get a longer term?

Short Answer

Yes, unless the governing documents specifically prohibit it.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ ruled that a board member can resign their current seat and be appointed to a vacancy with a longer unexpired term. As long as the member is eligible (e.g., a unit owner) and the bylaws or statutes do not explicitly forbid this practice, it is considered a lawful exercise of the board's authority to fill vacancies.

Alj Quote

Neither Bylaws Section 3.6 nor ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 33-1243(B) implicitly or explicitly prohibit what occurred.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1243(B); Bylaws Section 3.6

Topic Tags

  • Board Vacancies
  • Term Limits
  • Board Appointments

Question

Does the HOA board have to choose a new person ('new blood') when filling a vacancy?

Short Answer

No, the board is not required to select a new person.

Detailed Answer

There is no legal requirement for a board to seek out new candidates or 'new blood' when filling a vacancy. The board may appoint a former or resigning director to a vacant seat as long as they meet the basic qualifications, such as being a unit owner.

Alj Quote

There is no presumption of 'new blood' as Petitioner argued. The sole requisite to fill the vacancy was that the choice be limited to unit owners, which Ms. Robley is.

Legal Basis

Bylaws Interpretation

Topic Tags

  • Board Qualifications
  • Vacancies

Question

Does the board have the authority to fill vacancies without holding a general membership election?

Short Answer

Yes, the board generally has the statutory authority to appoint members to fill vacancies.

Detailed Answer

Arizona statute allows the board of directors to fill vacancies in its membership for the remainder of an unexpired term without holding a full election, provided the bylaws align with this authority.

Alj Quote

The statute does note, however, that the board of directors may 'fill vacancies in its membership for the unexpired portion of any term.'

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1243(B)

Topic Tags

  • Elections
  • Board Authority

Question

Is a board decision illegal just because it is 'questionable' or unpopular?

Short Answer

No, a questionable choice is not necessarily unlawful.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ clarified that even if a board makes a decision that is questionable or if they could have made a different determination, the decision is not unlawful unless it specifically violates the statutes or governing documents.

Alj Quote

Just because the Association could have made any number of different determinations after Mr. Gallu resigned, does not mean that its questionable choice to appoint Ms. Robley to his seat was unlawful.

Legal Basis

Board Discretion

Topic Tags

  • Board Conduct
  • Decision Making

Question

What burden of proof does a homeowner have when challenging an HOA in a hearing?

Short Answer

The homeowner must prove the violation by a 'preponderance of the evidence.'

Detailed Answer

The petitioner (homeowner) is responsible for providing enough evidence to convince the judge that their claim is more likely true than not. If they fail to meet this standard, the petition will be denied.

Alj Quote

Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243.

Legal Basis

A.A.C. R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • Legal Standards
  • Hearings

Question

Does the Administrative Law Judge have the power to interpret the HOA's CC&Rs and Bylaws?

Short Answer

Yes, the OAH tribunal can interpret the contract between the parties.

Detailed Answer

The Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH) has the specific authority to hear contested cases and interpret the contract (the CC&Rs and Bylaws) that exists between the homeowner and the association.

Alj Quote

OAH has the authority to hear and decide the contested case at bar. OAH has the authority to interpret the contract between the parties.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199 et seq.

Topic Tags

  • Jurisdiction
  • Contract Interpretation

Question

If I pay for a single-issue petition, can the judge rule on other related issues?

Short Answer

No, the tribunal is limited to the specific issue paid for.

Detailed Answer

The tribunal's scope is limited to the specific issue(s) for which the filing fee was paid. They cannot adjudicate outside that scope even if related violations are alleged.

Alj Quote

Because Petitioner only paid for the adjudication of one (1) issue, this Tribunal may only determine whether Respondent committed a violation… based on the same event or series of alleged conduct.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.05

Topic Tags

  • Procedure
  • Fees

Case

Docket No
22F-H2221021-REL
Case Title
Dean A Yelenik vs. Meridian Condominiums Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2022-02-18
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

Can a board member resign and immediately be appointed to a different vacancy to get a longer term?

Short Answer

Yes, unless the governing documents specifically prohibit it.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ ruled that a board member can resign their current seat and be appointed to a vacancy with a longer unexpired term. As long as the member is eligible (e.g., a unit owner) and the bylaws or statutes do not explicitly forbid this practice, it is considered a lawful exercise of the board's authority to fill vacancies.

Alj Quote

Neither Bylaws Section 3.6 nor ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 33-1243(B) implicitly or explicitly prohibit what occurred.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1243(B); Bylaws Section 3.6

Topic Tags

  • Board Vacancies
  • Term Limits
  • Board Appointments

Question

Does the HOA board have to choose a new person ('new blood') when filling a vacancy?

Short Answer

No, the board is not required to select a new person.

Detailed Answer

There is no legal requirement for a board to seek out new candidates or 'new blood' when filling a vacancy. The board may appoint a former or resigning director to a vacant seat as long as they meet the basic qualifications, such as being a unit owner.

Alj Quote

There is no presumption of 'new blood' as Petitioner argued. The sole requisite to fill the vacancy was that the choice be limited to unit owners, which Ms. Robley is.

Legal Basis

Bylaws Interpretation

Topic Tags

  • Board Qualifications
  • Vacancies

Question

Does the board have the authority to fill vacancies without holding a general membership election?

Short Answer

Yes, the board generally has the statutory authority to appoint members to fill vacancies.

Detailed Answer

Arizona statute allows the board of directors to fill vacancies in its membership for the remainder of an unexpired term without holding a full election, provided the bylaws align with this authority.

Alj Quote

The statute does note, however, that the board of directors may 'fill vacancies in its membership for the unexpired portion of any term.'

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1243(B)

Topic Tags

  • Elections
  • Board Authority

Question

Is a board decision illegal just because it is 'questionable' or unpopular?

Short Answer

No, a questionable choice is not necessarily unlawful.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ clarified that even if a board makes a decision that is questionable or if they could have made a different determination, the decision is not unlawful unless it specifically violates the statutes or governing documents.

Alj Quote

Just because the Association could have made any number of different determinations after Mr. Gallu resigned, does not mean that its questionable choice to appoint Ms. Robley to his seat was unlawful.

Legal Basis

Board Discretion

Topic Tags

  • Board Conduct
  • Decision Making

Question

What burden of proof does a homeowner have when challenging an HOA in a hearing?

Short Answer

The homeowner must prove the violation by a 'preponderance of the evidence.'

Detailed Answer

The petitioner (homeowner) is responsible for providing enough evidence to convince the judge that their claim is more likely true than not. If they fail to meet this standard, the petition will be denied.

Alj Quote

Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1243.

Legal Basis

A.A.C. R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • Legal Standards
  • Hearings

Question

Does the Administrative Law Judge have the power to interpret the HOA's CC&Rs and Bylaws?

Short Answer

Yes, the OAH tribunal can interpret the contract between the parties.

Detailed Answer

The Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH) has the specific authority to hear contested cases and interpret the contract (the CC&Rs and Bylaws) that exists between the homeowner and the association.

Alj Quote

OAH has the authority to hear and decide the contested case at bar. OAH has the authority to interpret the contract between the parties.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199 et seq.

Topic Tags

  • Jurisdiction
  • Contract Interpretation

Question

If I pay for a single-issue petition, can the judge rule on other related issues?

Short Answer

No, the tribunal is limited to the specific issue paid for.

Detailed Answer

The tribunal's scope is limited to the specific issue(s) for which the filing fee was paid. They cannot adjudicate outside that scope even if related violations are alleged.

Alj Quote

Because Petitioner only paid for the adjudication of one (1) issue, this Tribunal may only determine whether Respondent committed a violation… based on the same event or series of alleged conduct.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 32-2199.05

Topic Tags

  • Procedure
  • Fees

Case

Docket No
22F-H2221021-REL
Case Title
Dean A Yelenik vs. Meridian Condominiums Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2022-02-18
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Arthur Dean Yelenik (petitioner)
    Also goes by Dean Yelenik
  • Kristen Terry Beloo (homeowner/past board president)
    Part of petitioner's working group; Past president (6 years)
  • Kathleen Moles (homeowner/past board president)
    Part of petitioner's working group; Past president (3 years)
  • David Moles (homeowner)
    Part of petitioner's working group

Respondent Side

  • Eadie Rudder (respondent attorney)
  • Nick Eicher (respondent attorney)
    Carpenter, Hazlewood, Delgado & Bolen LLP
  • Margo McInnis (board president/witness)
    Meridian Condominiums Homeowners Association
    Testified for Respondent
  • Joan Robley (board member)
    Meridian Condominiums Homeowners Association
    Appointment subject of dispute
  • Annette (property manager)
    Century Management
    Referred to as Community Manager
  • Quinton Phillips (HOA attorney)
    Attorney for the Association

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    OAH
  • Louis Dettorre (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
  • Dan Gardner (HOA Coordinator)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate

Other Participants

  • Chris Gallu (former board member)
    Meridian Condominiums Homeowners Association
    Resignation created the contested vacancy; referred to as Mr. Beloo/Blue in transcript
  • Fran McGovern (board member)
    Meridian Condominiums Homeowners Association
    Elected to Robley's former seat in Jan 2021

Sandra Swanson & Robert Barnes v. Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners

Note: A Rehearing was requested for this case. The dashboard statistics reflect the final outcome of the rehearing process.

Case Summary

Case ID 21F-H2120020-REL-RHG
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2022-02-02
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome loss
Filing Fees Refunded $0.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Sandra Swanson & Robert Barnes Counsel Kristin Roebuck Bethell, Esq.
Respondent Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association Counsel Samantha Cote, Esq.

Alleged Violations

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Outcome Summary

The Administrative Law Judge denied the Petitioners' petition, concluding they failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the Homeowners Association violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805 regarding the availability of voting records.

Why this result: Petitioners failed to demonstrate that the HOA violated the statute through its NDA request or its method of providing the records (redacted ballots and separate unredacted envelopes) and failed to prove the records were not made reasonably available within the required statutory time frame.

Key Issues & Findings

Failure to comply with voting records request (regarding assessment and cumulative voting records)

Petitioners alleged the Association violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805 by requiring an NDA and providing redacted ballots and separate unredacted envelopes, which prevented Petitioners from cross-referencing votes with voters. Respondent argued it timely provided the totality of the requested information and that the manner of delivery did not violate the statute.

Orders: Petitioners' petition is denied.

Filing fee: $0.00, Fee refunded: No

Disposition: petitioner_loss

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.08(H)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 12-904(A)
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Analytics Highlights

Topics: Records Request, HOA Governance, Statute Violation, Voting Records, Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

21F-H2120020-REL-RHG Decision – 944169.pdf

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Briefing Doc – 21F-H2120020-REL-RHG


Briefing Document: Swanson & Barnes v. Circle G Ranches 4 HOA

Executive Summary

This document synthesizes the legal dispute between homeowners Sandra Swanson and Robert Barnes (“Petitioners”) and the Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association (“Respondent” or “HOA”). The core of the case, adjudicated by the Arizona Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH), was the Petitioners’ allegation that the HOA violated Arizona Revised Statute (ARIZ. REV. STAT.) § 33-1805 by failing to properly fulfill a request to inspect voting records.

The conflict centered on the HOA’s response to the request. Citing concerns for member privacy and safety, the HOA initially required the Petitioners to sign a non-disclosure agreement (NDA), which they refused. Subsequently, the HOA provided the requested records for inspection by separating them into two stacks: redacted ballots and unredacted envelopes. The Petitioners argued this method was an unlawful barrier that made it impossible to cross-reference voters with their votes, thus failing to make the records “reasonably available” as required by statute. The HOA contended its actions were a necessary and reasonable balance of its legal duties to provide access and protect its members.

Ultimately, Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark denied the petition. The Judge ruled that the Petitioners failed to sustain their burden of proof. The initial decision found that the NDA request was not a statutory violation, and the method of providing the documents, while “not ideal,” was reasonable under the circumstances. This decision was upheld in a final order following a rehearing, solidifying the finding that no violation of ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805 had occurred.

I. Case Overview

Case Name: Sandra Swanson & Robert Barnes vs. Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association

Case Number: 21F-H2120020-REL (Initial); 21F-H2120020-REL-RHG (Rehearing)

Adjudicating Body: Arizona Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH)

Presiding Judge: Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark

Core Legal Issue: Whether the HOA violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805, which mandates that association records be made “reasonably available for examination” by a member, in its handling of the Petitioners’ request for voting records.

Parties Involved

Name(s)

Representation

Petitioners

Sandra Swanson & Robert Barnes

Kristin Roebuck, Esq. (later Kristin Roebuck Bethell, Esq.) of Horne Siaton, PLLC

Respondent

Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association

Jeremy Johnson, Esq. & Sam Cote, Esq. (later Samantha Cote, Esq.) of Jones, Skelton & Hochuli, PLC

II. Factual Background and Chronology of Events

The dispute arose from requests to inspect records related to two separate votes conducted by the HOA.

Oct 4, 2017

The HOA Board adopts the “Rule Requiring Secret Ballots” for votes on special assessments.

Oct 28, 2019

Approximate date of a vote regarding an increase in HOA dues.

Dec 2019

A vote occurs on a proposed Declaration amendment to prohibit cumulative voting.

Jan 2, 2020

Petitioners make a verbal request to the HOA’s management company, Vision, to “view the votes” on the cumulative voting amendment.

Jan 6, 2020

Petitioners formalize their verbal request in a letter to Vision’s attorney, Clint Goodman.

Jan 13, 2020

The HOA Board votes 8:1 to require Petitioners to sign an NDA before viewing the ballots, citing member privacy and prior complaints of “harassing” behavior by Petitioners. Petitioners decline to sign.

Jan 16, 2020

Petitioners’ counsel sends a formal written request for all ballots and related documents for both the dues increase and the cumulative voting amendment.

Jan 30, 2020

The HOA’s counsel responds, stating the HOA must “balance your clients’ requests against the privacy and safety of all Owners” and confirming the records will be made available for inspection.

Feb 7, 2020

Petitioners inspect records at the attorney’s office for 3.5 hours. They are provided with two separate stacks: redacted ballots and unredacted envelopes, which they are unable to match. They review only the cumulative voting records (approx. 122 pages).

Aug 5, 2020

Petitioners’ attorney sends a new demand for “unredacted ballots” and all related documents for an in-person inspection. No additional documents are provided.

Sep 22, 2020

Petitioners file a petition with the Arizona Department of Real Estate alleging a violation of statute.

III. The Central Dispute: Access to Voting Records

The conflict revolved around the interpretation of the “reasonably available” standard in ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805.

The HOA’s Response and Justification

Faced with the records request, the HOA’s Board expressed concern for member privacy. This was based on a general fear of retaliation against members based on their votes and specific complaints from homeowners labeling past behaviors by the Petitioners as “harassing.” The HOA’s attorney, Clint Goodman, articulated this position in a January 30, 2020, letter:

“The Association’s position is that it has to balance your clients’ requests against the privacy and safety of all Owners within the Association. The Board is concerned with the personal information contained on the written consent forms or other documents and fears that individual members will be retaliated against or harassed based on a member’s decision to support, or not support, the matters up for a decision.”

To manage these competing interests, the HOA took two primary actions:

1. NDA Requirement: An 8:1 Board vote mandated an NDA, which the Petitioners refused to sign.

2. Document Separation: During the February 7, 2020, inspection, the HOA provided two sets of documents: ballots with member information redacted and the corresponding unredacted envelopes. This method physically separated a voter’s identity from their specific vote, preventing direct correlation.

The HOA maintained that this process provided the totality of the requested information while protecting members.

IV. Legal Proceedings and Arguments

The dispute proceeded to an evidentiary hearing and a subsequent rehearing at the Office of Administrative Hearings.

A. Petitioners’ Position

The Petitioners argued that the HOA committed three distinct violations of ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805 by:

1. Requiring an NDA: This was an unlawful prerequisite not supported by any statutory exception.

2. Providing Redacted Records: The statute requires access to original records, not redacted versions.

3. Failing to Provide Unredacted Copies: The records were never made “reasonably available” because the format prevented a meaningful review.

During the rehearing, the Petitioners’ counsel argued that the document separation method “erected an unlawful barrier” and that they “were unable to cross reference (i.e. match) the votes with the purported voters.” They also contended that because some ballots contained names or signatures, there was no reasonable expectation of privacy, rendering the ballots not truly “secret.”

B. Respondent’s (HOA) Position

The HOA’s defense rested on the argument that it had fulfilled its statutory obligations. Key points included:

“Reasonably Available”: The HOA met its obligation by providing all requested records for a 3.5-hour inspection.

No Prescribed Method: The statute dictates what must be provided but not how. The HOA devised a method to comply with the law while also fulfilling its duty to protect member safety and privacy.

Totality of Information: All information was provided, even if in two separate stacks. The HOA argued it was possible for the Petitioners to “cross reference and discern the information they sought.”

Irrelevance of NDA: The NDA was a moot point because the inspection proceeded even after the Petitioners declined to sign it.

V. Administrative Law Judge’s Decisions and Rationale

The Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) denied the Petitioners’ petition in both the initial decision and the final order after rehearing, concluding that they failed to meet their burden of proof.

A. Initial Decision (May 17, 2021)

The ALJ’s initial findings were:

• The HOA’s request that Petitioners sign an NDA did not constitute a statutory violation.

• The Petitioners failed to prove the HOA did not make the documents available within the 10-day statutory timeframe. It was unclear if the records were available for inspection prior to the February 7, 2020, date chosen by the Petitioners.

• The statutory provision for purchasing copies was inapplicable, as Petitioners only requested to examine the records and never requested to pay for copies.

• The Petitioners did not provide binding authority compelling an HOA to make unredacted voting records available where privacy is a concern.

B. Rehearing and Final Order (February 2, 2022)

The Petitioners were granted a rehearing on the grounds that the initial decision was “arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion.” No new evidence was introduced; the parties presented oral arguments reiterating their positions. The ALJ’s final order affirmed the original decision, elaborating on the core issue:

Reasonableness of Methodology: The ALJ concluded that the HOA’s method of document delivery did not violate the statute. The record reflected that the “Petitioners timely received the totality of the documents from their records request(s).”

Final Conclusion: The order stated that while the HOA’s method “may have not been ideal, under the totality of underlying circumstances the decision [was] reasonable and within the requirements of the applicable statute(s).”

The final order denied the petition, making the decision binding unless appealed to the Superior Court.

VI. Key Statutory Language

The entire case hinged on the interpretation of a single statute.

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805(A):

“Except as provided in subsection B of this section, all financial and other records of the association shall be made reasonably available for examination by any member or any person designated by the member in writing as the member’s representative. The association shall not charge a member or any person designated by the member in writing for making material available for review. The association shall have ten business days to fulfill a request for examination. On request for purchase of copies of records by any member… the association shall have ten business days to provide copies of the requested records. An association may charge a fee for making copies of not more than fifteen cents per page.” (Emphasis added)






Study Guide – 21F-H2120020-REL-RHG


Study Guide: Swanson & Barnes v. Circle G Ranches 4 HOA

This guide provides a detailed review of the administrative legal case involving homeowners Sandra Swanson & Robert Barnes and the Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association, focusing on the dispute over access to voting records under Arizona law.

Short-Answer Quiz

Instructions: Answer the following questions in 2-3 complete sentences, based on the information provided in the case documents.

1. Who were the primary parties (the Petitioners and the Respondent) in case number 21F-H2120020-REL?

2. What specific Arizona statute was the central subject of the legal dispute?

3. What two distinct sets of voting records did the Petitioners request in their formal letter dated January 16, 2020?

4. What condition did the Respondent’s Board of Directors initially try to impose on the Petitioners before they would be permitted to view the voting records?

5. Describe the format in which the Respondent provided the cumulative voting records to the Petitioners on February 7, 2020.

6. What was the Respondent’s primary justification for its actions, including the initial request for an NDA and the eventual provision of redacted documents?

7. What is the “preponderance of the evidence” standard, and which party was assigned this burden of proof?

8. According to the Administrative Law Judge, why was the statutory 10-day provision for providing copies of records deemed inapplicable in this case?

9. What was the ultimate outcome of the initial Administrative Law Judge Decision on May 17, 2021, and the Final Order after the rehearing on February 2, 2022?

10. On what grounds did the Petitioners file their request for a rehearing on June 22, 2021?

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Answer Key

1. The Petitioners were Sandra Swanson and Robert Barnes, who were property owners and members of the homeowners’ association. The Respondent was the Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association (“the Association”).

2. The central subject of the dispute was Arizona Revised Statute (ARIZ. REV. STAT.) § 33-1805. This statute governs the access of association members to the financial and other records of a homeowners’ association.

3. In their letter, the Petitioners requested all ballots and related documents from the vote on an increase in dues that occurred around October 28, 2019. They also requested the written consent forms and ballots for a proposed Declaration Amendment regarding cumulative voting from December 2019.

4. The Respondent’s Board of Directors voted 8-to-1 to require the Petitioners to sign a nondisclosure agreement (NDA) before they could view the ballots. The Petitioners declined to sign the NDA.

5. On February 7, 2020, the Respondent provided the records as two separate stacks of documents. One stack contained redacted ballots, and the other contained unredacted envelopes, making it impossible for the Petitioners to discern which ballot belonged to which envelope.

6. The Respondent’s stated justification was the need to balance the Petitioners’ request against the privacy and safety of all owners. The Board expressed concern that personal information on the documents could lead to individual members being harassed or retaliated against based on their vote.

7. “Preponderance of the evidence” is the burden of proof required in this case, defined as proof that convinces the trier of fact that a contention is more probably true than not. The Petitioners bore this burden to prove the Respondent had violated the statute.

8. The judge found the 10-day copy provision inapplicable because the Petitioners had requested to examine the records, not to purchase copies of them. The statute has separate provisions for examination (which is free) and purchasing copies (for which a fee can be charged).

9. In both the initial decision and the Final Order after the rehearing, the Administrative Law Judge denied the Petitioners’ petition. The judge concluded that the Petitioners failed to sustain their burden of proof that the Respondent had committed a violation of ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805.

10. The Petitioners filed their DISPUTE REHEARING REQUEST on the grounds that the initial decision’s “findings of fact or decision is arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion.”

——————————————————————————–

Essay Questions

Instructions: The following questions are designed to test a comprehensive understanding of the case. Formulate detailed essay responses that synthesize facts, legal arguments, and procedural history from the provided documents.

1. Analyze the core conflict between a homeowner’s right to access association records under ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805 and the association’s duty to protect member privacy. How did the Respondent attempt to balance these competing interests, and why did the Administrative Law Judge ultimately find their method acceptable under the law?

2. Discuss the Petitioners’ multi-faceted argument that the Respondent violated the statute. Detail their specific claims regarding the NDA, the redaction of records, and the failure to provide unredacted copies, and explain the judge’s legal reasoning for rejecting each one.

3. Trace the complete procedural history of this case, from the initial records request in January 2020 to the Final Order in February 2022. Include key dates, specific requests, filings, hearings, and the progression from the initial decision to the rehearing and final judgment.

4. The concept of making records “reasonably available” is central to this case. Based on the arguments from both parties and the judge’s decision, construct a detailed definition of what “reasonably available” means in the context of this dispute, addressing both the timeliness and the format of the records provided.

5. Examine the legal standards and principles of statutory construction cited by the Administrative Law Judge. How were concepts like “preponderance of the evidence” and giving statutory words their “natural, obvious, and ordinary meaning” applied to the facts of this case to reach the final decision?

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Glossary of Key Terms

Definition

Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)

An independent judge who presides over administrative hearings, reviews evidence, and makes legal findings and decisions. In this case, the ALJ was Jenna Clark.

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

The Arizona statute at the heart of the case, which mandates that all financial and other records of a homeowners’ association be made “reasonably available” for examination by any member.

Board of Directors (the Board)

The governing body that oversees the Homeowners Association. The Board voted to require an NDA and was concerned about member privacy.

Burden of Proof

The obligation on a party in a dispute to provide sufficient evidence to support their claim. In this case, the Petitioners had the burden of proof.

Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs)

The governing legal documents that set up the guidelines for a planned community or subdivision. The Circle G Ranches 4 HOA is governed by its CC&Rs.

Department

The Arizona Department of Real Estate, the state agency authorized to receive and decide petitions for hearings regarding disputes within homeowners’ associations.

Nondisclosure Agreement (NDA)

A legal contract creating a confidential relationship. The Respondent’s Board requested the Petitioners sign an NDA before viewing voting records, which they declined.

Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH)

An independent Arizona state agency that conducts evidentiary hearings for other state agencies. The Department referred this case to the OAH.

Petitioners

The party who initiates a lawsuit or petition. In this case, Sandra Swanson and Robert Barnes, homeowners in the Circle G Ranches 4 subdivision.

Preponderance of the Evidence

The standard of proof in most civil cases, meaning that the evidence presented is more likely to be true than not. This was the evidentiary burden placed on the Petitioners.

Redacted

Edited to remove or black out confidential information. The Respondent provided redacted ballots to the Petitioners.

Respondent

The party against whom a petition is filed. In this case, the Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association.

Secret Ballot

A voting method in which a voter’s choices are anonymous. The HOA had a “Rule Requiring Secret Ballots” for special assessments, which became relevant to the privacy arguments.

Tribunal

A general term for a body established to settle a dispute. In these documents, it refers to the Office of Administrative Hearings and the presiding Administrative Law Judge.

Vision Community Management, LLC (Vision)

The management company for the Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association. The initial records requests were submitted to Vision.






Blog Post – 21F-H2120020-REL-RHG


5 Surprising Lessons from a Homeowner’s Fight to See HOA Records

For many homeowners, transparency from their Homeowners Association (HOA) is the bedrock of fair governance. But what happens when one member’s right to scrutinize the board collides with the board’s duty to protect the entire community from potential harm? The Arizona legal case of Swanson & Barnes vs. Circle G Ranches 4 Homeowners Association offers a fascinating and cautionary answer. A seemingly straightforward request to inspect voting records escalated into a legal battle that reveals surprising truths about the balance between a homeowner’s right to know and an association’s responsibility to keep its members safe. This article breaks down the key lessons from this dispute, offering sharp, practical insights for any homeowner seeking clarity from their board.

The Letter of the Law: “Reasonably Available” Doesn’t Mean Convenient

The central conflict hinged on the interpretation of Arizona law (ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805), which mandates that an HOA’s records be made “reasonably available” for examination. When homeowners Sandra Swanson and Robert Barnes requested to see ballots for a dues increase and a voting amendment, their HOA complied—but not in the way they expected.

They were presented with two separate stacks of documents: one of anonymous, redacted ballots and another of unredacted envelopes bearing member names and addresses. This separation made it impossible to match a specific vote to a specific homeowner without significant effort. The homeowners argued this was an “unlawful barrier.” The HOA countered that the statute doesn’t dictate the methodology of delivery, only that the information be provided.

The judge affirmed the HOA’s interpretation, ruling that the statute governs what must be provided but grants the association discretion in the methodology of its delivery. Because the homeowners “timely received the totality of the documents,” the HOA had met its legal obligation. In the final rehearing decision, the judge reflected on this point, noting that, “While Respondent’s methodology of document delivery to Petitioners may have not been ideal, under the totality of underlying circumstances the decision [was] reasonable…” The ruling underscores a critical distinction for homeowners: the legal standard of “reasonably available” focuses on the completeness of the information, not the convenience of its format. The lesson for homeowners is to be precise in your records request and prepared for the possibility that the HOA will provide the data in a format that requires you to do the analytical work of connecting the dots.

Privacy vs. Transparency: Why Your HOA Can Protect Its Members

The HOA’s core defense for its cumbersome delivery method was its duty to balance the homeowners’ request against the privacy and safety of all its members. This was not a theoretical concern. The case file reveals a complex community dynamic, noting, “While it has never been Petitioners’ intention to harass other Members of the Association, many homeowners have complained to Vision [the management company] regarding behaviors they have labeled ‘harassing’ by Petitioners.”

This context illuminates the difficult position of the board. The HOA’s attorney, Clint Goodman, articulated this balancing act in a letter to the homeowners’ counsel:

The Association’s position is that it has to balance your clients’ requests against the privacy and safety of all Owners within the Association. The Board is concerned with the personal information contained on the written consent forms or other documents and fears that individual members will be retaliated against or harassed based on a member’s decision to support, or not support, the matters up for a decision.

The court’s validation of this approach signals that an HOA’s right to take proactive steps to protect member privacy can outweigh an individual member’s demand for perfectly convenient access, especially when there are documented concerns about potential harassment.

An NDA Isn’t an Automatic Red Flag: Why HOAs Can Request Confidentiality

Early in the dispute, the HOA Board took a step that many homeowners would assume is illegal: citing privacy concerns, it voted 8-to-1 to require the homeowners to sign a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) before viewing the ballots. The homeowners refused.

While an NDA might seem like an unlawful impediment to a statutory right, the Administrative Law Judge found otherwise. The decision explicitly states that the HOA’s request for the homeowners to sign an NDA did not constitute a violation of the statute. Though the homeowners ultimately viewed the records without signing the agreement, the ruling is clear. It affirms that an HOA’s attempt to use an NDA as a tool to protect sensitive member information is not, in and of itself, an illegal act. This stands as a counter-intuitive but vital lesson: a request for confidentiality is a legally permissible option for a board concerned about its duty to protect member data.

Feeling Wronged Isn’t Enough: The High Bar of Proving an HOA Violation

This case is a potent reminder of the legal realities facing homeowners. The petitioners had the “burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence” that the HOA violated the statute. The court defines this standard as “proof as convinces the trier of fact that the contention is more probably true than not.”

Despite their persistence through an initial hearing and a rehearing, the judge concluded in both decisions that the homeowners “did not sustain their burden of proof.” A critical insider detail from the judge reveals one reason why: the case was “skewed, as Petitioners only paid to have 1 issue adjudicated” despite splicing their complaint into three subparts. This suggests that procedural missteps or a narrowly defined petition can weaken a homeowner’s case from the start.

This legal standard means that a successful petition requires more than a feeling of being wronged; it demands a well-documented case proving a specific statutory violation with clear evidence. Simply showing that an HOA’s actions were inconvenient, frustrating, or fell short of personal expectations is not enough to win in court.

Conclusion: Drawing the Line Between Scrutiny and Safety

The case of Swanson & Barnes vs. Circle G Ranches 4 illuminates the inherent tension between a homeowner’s right to scrutinize their association and an HOA’s duty to protect the entire community. While the law provides for access, this ruling demonstrates that it also grants HOAs significant and reasonable discretion in how they provide it, particularly when member safety is a documented concern. The court’s decision prioritizes protecting members from potential harassment over providing perfect, convenient transparency.

It leaves every community member with a thought-provoking question: In your own community, how do you think the balance should be struck between total transparency and protecting your neighbors from potential harassment?


Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Sandra Swanson (petitioner)
    Also listed as a witness
  • Robert Barnes (petitioner)
    Also listed as a witness
  • Kristin Roebuck (attorney)
    Horne Siaton, PLLC
    Appeared as Kristin Roebuck Bethell, Esq. in rehearing,

Respondent Side

  • Jeremy Johnson (attorney)
    Joes, Skelton & Hochuli, PLC
  • Samantha Cote (attorney)
    Joes, Skelton & Hochuli, PLC
    Also referred to as Sam Cote, Esq.,,,
  • Patricia Ahler (witness)
  • Amanda Stewart (witness)
  • Jennifer Amundson (witness)
  • Regis Salazar (witness)
  • Clint Goodman (HOA attorney)
    Vision Community Management, LLC
    Attorney for Vision, the Association's property manager,,

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    OAH
  • Judy Lowe (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Commissioner listed on original decision transmission
  • Louis Dettorre (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Commissioner listed on rehearing decision transmission,
  • Dan Gardner (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Transmission recipient c/o Commissioner,,

Clifford Burnes v. Saguaro Crest Homeowners Association, Inc.

Case Summary

Case ID 22F-H2221010-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2021-12-09
Administrative Law Judge Tammy L. Eigenheer
Outcome full
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Clifford Burnes Counsel
Respondent Saguaro Crest Homeowners Association, Inc. Counsel John T. Crotty

Alleged Violations

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805

Outcome Summary

The ALJ granted the Petitioner's petition, finding the Respondent HOA violated A.R.S. § 33-1805 by requiring the Petitioner to inspect records before providing copies and failing to comply with the 10-day statutory deadline. The HOA was ordered to reimburse the Petitioner's $500.00 filing fee.

Key Issues & Findings

Failure to fulfill records request

Petitioner alleged the Association failed to fulfill his request for copies of records within the statutory 10-day period because the Association improperly required him to inspect the documents first. The ALJ found the Association violated A.R.S. § 33-1805, as the statute does not permit an HOA to mandate prior inspection before providing requested copies.

Orders: Petition granted. Respondent ordered to reimburse Petitioner's filing fee of $500.00 in certified funds and ordered to henceforth comply with ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102 and 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2), 32-2199.01(A), 32-2199.01(D), 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)
  • Arpaio v. Steinle, 201 Ariz. 353, 355 ¶ 5, 35 P.3d 114, 116 (App. 2001)
  • Gutierrez v. Industrial Commission of Arizona
  • State v. McFall, 103 Ariz. 234, 238, 439 P.2d 805, 809 (1968)
  • U.S. Parking v. City of Phoenix, 160 Ariz. 210, 772 P.2d 33 (App. 1989)
  • Deer Valley, v. Houser, 214 Ariz. 293, 296, 152 P.3d 490, 493 (2007)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §32-2199.02(B)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA, Records Request, ARS 33-1805, Records Inspection, Timeliness, Filing Fee Refund
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102 and 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2199(2), 32-2199.01(A), 32-2199.01(D), 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • MORRIS K. UDALL, ARIZONA LAW OF EVIDENCE § 5 (1960)
  • BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1220 (8th ed. 1999)
  • Arpaio v. Steinle, 201 Ariz. 353, 355 ¶ 5, 35 P.3d 114, 116 (App. 2001)
  • Gutierrez v. Industrial Commission of Arizona
  • State v. McFall, 103 Ariz. 234, 238, 439 P.2d 805, 809 (1968)
  • U.S. Parking v. City of Phoenix, 160 Ariz. 210, 772 P.2d 33 (App. 1989)
  • Deer Valley, v. Houser, 214 Ariz. 293, 296, 152 P.3d 490, 493 (2007)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. §32-2199.02(B)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.04
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.09

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

22F-H2221010-REL Decision – 930949.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:40:34 (139.0 KB)

Questions

Question

Can my HOA force me to inspect records in person before they will provide me with copies?

Short Answer

No. The HOA cannot require an in-person inspection as a prerequisite to providing copies.

Detailed Answer

The Administrative Law Judge ruled that Arizona statute allows homeowners to request copies directly. While the HOA can make records available for inspection, they cannot force a member to inspect them first if the member has requested copies. Doing so violates the statutory requirement to provide copies within ten business days.

Alj Quote

Nothing in ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805 can be read to permit an HOA to require members to first inspect records before it provides copies of records requested by members.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • records request
  • inspection
  • homeowner rights

Question

How many days does the HOA have to provide copies of records I requested?

Short Answer

The HOA must provide copies within 10 business days.

Detailed Answer

Under Arizona law, once a member requests to purchase copies of records, the association has a strict deadline of ten business days to fulfill that request.

Alj Quote

On request for purchase of copies of records by any member or any person designated by the member in writing as the member's representative, the association shall have ten business days to provide copies of the requested records.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • deadlines
  • records request
  • HOA obligations

Question

What is the maximum amount the HOA can charge me for copies of records?

Short Answer

The HOA cannot charge more than 15 cents per page.

Detailed Answer

The statute limits the fee an association may charge for copying records to a maximum of fifteen cents per page.

Alj Quote

An association may charge a fee for making copies of not more than fifteen cents per page.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • records request
  • costs

Question

Can the HOA charge me a fee just to look at or review records?

Short Answer

No. The HOA cannot charge for making materials available for review.

Detailed Answer

While the HOA can charge for copies, they are explicitly prohibited from charging a member for the act of making the material available for examination/review.

Alj Quote

The association shall not charge a member or any person designated by the member in writing for making material available for review.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • records review
  • homeowner rights

Question

If I win my hearing against the HOA, can I get my $500 filing fee back?

Short Answer

Yes, the judge can order the HOA to reimburse your filing fee.

Detailed Answer

In this case, because the homeowner prevailed in proving the violation, the Administrative Law Judge ordered the HOA to reimburse the filing fee.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent reimburse Petitioner’s filing fee of $500.00 in certified funds.

Legal Basis

Order

Topic Tags

  • reimbursement
  • penalties
  • legal costs

Question

Can I authorize someone else to look at the HOA records for me?

Short Answer

Yes, if you designate them in writing.

Detailed Answer

The statute allows records to be examined by the member or any person the member designates in writing as their representative.

Alj Quote

…all financial and other records of the association shall be made reasonably available for examination by any member or any person designated by the member in writing as the member's representative.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • representation
  • records request
  • homeowner rights

Question

What standard of proof do I need to meet to win a case against my HOA?

Short Answer

Preponderance of the evidence.

Detailed Answer

The petitioner (homeowner) must prove that their contention is more probably true than not. It requires superior evidentiary weight, though not necessarily freedom from all doubt.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805.

Legal Basis

Legal Standard

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • hearing procedure

Question

Is it a valid excuse if the HOA says mailing the records to the wrong name/address was just a mistake?

Short Answer

No. If the HOA has the correct legal name and address on file, mailing to a nickname or wrong address does not satisfy the requirement to provide records on time.

Detailed Answer

The HOA attempted to shift blame to the homeowner for using a nickname in emails, but the judge noted the HOA had the official member list with the legal name. Failing to use the correct information resulted in a violation of the 10-day deadline.

Alj Quote

Respondent cannot be said to have provided Petitioner with copies of the records he requested within 10 days of his request.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • excuses
  • mailing
  • HOA obligations

Case

Docket No
22F-H2221010-REL
Case Title
Clifford Burnes vs. Saguaro Crest Homeowners Association, Inc.
Decision Date
2021-12-09
Alj Name
Tammy L. Eigenheer
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

Can my HOA force me to inspect records in person before they will provide me with copies?

Short Answer

No. The HOA cannot require an in-person inspection as a prerequisite to providing copies.

Detailed Answer

The Administrative Law Judge ruled that Arizona statute allows homeowners to request copies directly. While the HOA can make records available for inspection, they cannot force a member to inspect them first if the member has requested copies. Doing so violates the statutory requirement to provide copies within ten business days.

Alj Quote

Nothing in ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805 can be read to permit an HOA to require members to first inspect records before it provides copies of records requested by members.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • records request
  • inspection
  • homeowner rights

Question

How many days does the HOA have to provide copies of records I requested?

Short Answer

The HOA must provide copies within 10 business days.

Detailed Answer

Under Arizona law, once a member requests to purchase copies of records, the association has a strict deadline of ten business days to fulfill that request.

Alj Quote

On request for purchase of copies of records by any member or any person designated by the member in writing as the member's representative, the association shall have ten business days to provide copies of the requested records.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • deadlines
  • records request
  • HOA obligations

Question

What is the maximum amount the HOA can charge me for copies of records?

Short Answer

The HOA cannot charge more than 15 cents per page.

Detailed Answer

The statute limits the fee an association may charge for copying records to a maximum of fifteen cents per page.

Alj Quote

An association may charge a fee for making copies of not more than fifteen cents per page.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • records request
  • costs

Question

Can the HOA charge me a fee just to look at or review records?

Short Answer

No. The HOA cannot charge for making materials available for review.

Detailed Answer

While the HOA can charge for copies, they are explicitly prohibited from charging a member for the act of making the material available for examination/review.

Alj Quote

The association shall not charge a member or any person designated by the member in writing for making material available for review.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • records review
  • homeowner rights

Question

If I win my hearing against the HOA, can I get my $500 filing fee back?

Short Answer

Yes, the judge can order the HOA to reimburse your filing fee.

Detailed Answer

In this case, because the homeowner prevailed in proving the violation, the Administrative Law Judge ordered the HOA to reimburse the filing fee.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent reimburse Petitioner’s filing fee of $500.00 in certified funds.

Legal Basis

Order

Topic Tags

  • reimbursement
  • penalties
  • legal costs

Question

Can I authorize someone else to look at the HOA records for me?

Short Answer

Yes, if you designate them in writing.

Detailed Answer

The statute allows records to be examined by the member or any person the member designates in writing as their representative.

Alj Quote

…all financial and other records of the association shall be made reasonably available for examination by any member or any person designated by the member in writing as the member's representative.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • representation
  • records request
  • homeowner rights

Question

What standard of proof do I need to meet to win a case against my HOA?

Short Answer

Preponderance of the evidence.

Detailed Answer

The petitioner (homeowner) must prove that their contention is more probably true than not. It requires superior evidentiary weight, though not necessarily freedom from all doubt.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 33-1805.

Legal Basis

Legal Standard

Topic Tags

  • burden of proof
  • legal standards
  • hearing procedure

Question

Is it a valid excuse if the HOA says mailing the records to the wrong name/address was just a mistake?

Short Answer

No. If the HOA has the correct legal name and address on file, mailing to a nickname or wrong address does not satisfy the requirement to provide records on time.

Detailed Answer

The HOA attempted to shift blame to the homeowner for using a nickname in emails, but the judge noted the HOA had the official member list with the legal name. Failing to use the correct information resulted in a violation of the 10-day deadline.

Alj Quote

Respondent cannot be said to have provided Petitioner with copies of the records he requested within 10 days of his request.

Legal Basis

A.R.S. § 33-1805

Topic Tags

  • excuses
  • mailing
  • HOA obligations

Case

Docket No
22F-H2221010-REL
Case Title
Clifford Burnes vs. Saguaro Crest Homeowners Association, Inc.
Decision Date
2021-12-09
Alj Name
Tammy L. Eigenheer
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Clifford Burnes (petitioner)
    Appeared on his own behalf; also identified as Clifford (Norm) Burnes or Norm Burnes,,,.

Respondent Side

  • John T. Crotty (respondent attorney)
    Farley, Choate & Wood
    Represented Saguaro Crest Homeowners Association,,.

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    Listed as Administrative Law Judge.
  • Tammy L. Eigenheer (ALJ)
    Signed the Administrative Law Judge Decision.
  • Louis Dettorre (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Recipient of transmission of the Decision.
  • AHansen (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email contact listed for transmission ([email protected]).
  • djones (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email contact listed for transmission ([email protected]).
  • DGardner (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email contact listed for transmission ([email protected]).
  • vnunez (ADRE staff)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate
    Email contact listed for transmission ([email protected]).

Other Participants

  • Joseph Martinez (unknown)
    Petitioner verbally notified him regarding the undelivered certified mail package.

Rodney F Kirby v. Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association

Case Summary

Case ID 21F-H2121049-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2021-10-12
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome total
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Rodney & Patricia Kirby Counsel
Respondent Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association Counsel Lydia Peirce Linsmeier and Kaylee Ivy

Alleged Violations

CC&Rs Article IV, Section 4.1.1

Outcome Summary

The ALJ granted the Petitioners' petition, finding that the HOA violated CC&Rs Article IV section 4.1.1 by failing its duty to maintain common area landscaping (sissoo trees) in a state that did not cause damage or undue financial/health burden to the Petitioners' property. The HOA was ordered to refund the Petitioners' $500.00 filing fee.

Key Issues & Findings

Whether Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association (Respondent) are in violation of CC&Rs Article IV, Sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.1.3 for failing to remove two (2) trees on community property, at the rear of Petitioners’ retaining wall, which have caused damage to Petitioners’ pool and patio slab.

Petitioners filed a single-issue petition alleging the Association violated CC&Rs Article IV sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.1.3 by refusing to remove two sissoo trees located on community property behind Petitioners’ residence, which caused debris, clogged pool pump, and caused complications with their retaining wall and back patio. The ALJ concluded the Association violated Article IV section 4.1.1 because the trees' condition caused damage and financial/health burden to Petitioners.

Orders: Petitioners' petition is granted. Respondent is ordered to pay Petitioners their filing fee of $500.00 within thirty (30) days. The Respondent is ordered to abide by the specified section of the planned community (Article IV section 4.1.1). No civil penalty shall be imposed.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA maintenance duty, CC&R violation, sissoo trees, filing fee refund, common area landscaping, pool damage
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.08(H)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 12-904(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Video Overview

Audio Overview

Decision Documents

21F-H2121049-REL Decision – 916848.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:37:48 (118.5 KB)

21F-H2121049-REL Decision – 917026.pdf

Uploaded 2026-01-23T17:37:51 (124.9 KB)

Questions

Question

Does the HOA's duty to maintain common areas end strictly at the property line?

Short Answer

No. The HOA is responsible if common area elements (like trees) cause damage to adjacent private property.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ determined that the Association's responsibility for maintenance extends beyond the physical boundary if conditions on the common area negatively impact a homeowner's property. In this case, debris from common area trees caused damage to a private pool and patio.

Alj Quote

The Association’s duty to maintain the Common Area does not end at the boundary line of the Common Area.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Article IV

Topic Tags

  • maintenance
  • common_area
  • liability

Question

Can the HOA avoid liability for damage by claiming they relied on a professional landscaping company's advice?

Short Answer

Not necessarily. Even if the HOA pays for regular maintenance and follows vendor advice, they may still be in violation if damage persists.

Detailed Answer

The HOA argued it was not in violation because it relied on its landscaper's (arborist's) recommendation not to remove the trees. The ALJ rejected this, ruling that despite the payments and advice, the damage caused to the homeowner proved a failure to maintain the common area properly under the CC&Rs.

Alj Quote

Despite the Association’s payment to ProQual for regular arbor maintenance, the sissoo trees still caused debris of all kinds to fill Petitioners’ pool and backyard… Petitioners established a violation of Article IV section 4.1.1 of the CC&Rs

Legal Basis

Contract Law / CC&Rs

Topic Tags

  • vendor_reliance
  • negligence
  • defenses

Question

What is the 'burden of proof' for a homeowner in an administrative hearing?

Short Answer

The homeowner must prove their case by a 'preponderance of the evidence'.

Detailed Answer

The petitioner (homeowner) is responsible for providing enough evidence to show that their claim is more likely true than not. It is not based on the number of witnesses, but the convincing force of the evidence.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated a community document.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • burden_of_proof
  • evidence
  • procedure

Question

Can the Administrative Law Judge order the HOA to perform a specific act, like cutting down a tree?

Short Answer

Generally, no. The Tribunal lacks statutory authority to grant injunctive relief.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ cannot issue an injunction or declaratory relief (specific orders to do or not do a specific act). Instead, the order generally directs the HOA to 'abide by' the specific section of the community documents, leaving the specific method of compliance somewhat open.

Alj Quote

Because this Tribunal has no statutory authority to grant Petitioners’ declaratory or injunctive relief, this decision is expressly issued to 'Order Respondent to abide by the section of the planned community specified.'

Legal Basis

Statutory Authority

Topic Tags

  • remedies
  • injunctive_relief
  • alj_powers

Question

If I win my hearing against the HOA, can I get my filing fee back?

Short Answer

Yes, the ALJ can order the HOA to reimburse the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

In this decision, the ALJ ordered the Association to pay the $500.00 filing fee directly to the Petitioners within 30 days.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent pay Petitioners their filing fee of $500.00, to be paid directly to Petitioners within thirty (30) days of this ORDER.

Legal Basis

Administrative Order

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • reimbursement
  • costs

Question

What kind of damage is required to prove the HOA failed to maintain the common area?

Short Answer

The homeowner must show actual damage, harm, or financial burden caused by the condition.

Detailed Answer

The decision noted that the debris caused a financial burden (cleaning costs, pump replacement) and potential health risks. The mere presence of trees wasn't the issue; it was the specific damage and harm resulting from them.

Alj Quote

The record does reflect that, but for the sissoo trees being situated where they are and in the state they are in, there would not be debris to a degree on Petitioners’ property that caused any amount of damage or harm.

Legal Basis

Evidence of Damages

Topic Tags

  • damages
  • nuisance
  • evidence

Question

Who has the authority to hear disputes between a homeowner and an HOA?

Short Answer

The Arizona Department of Real Estate (ADRE) and the Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH).

Detailed Answer

Statutes authorize the Department to receive petitions regarding violations of community documents or statutes regulating planned communities.

Alj Quote

The Department is authorized by statute to receive and to decide petitions for hearings from members of homeowners’ associations and from homeowners’ associations in Arizona.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • adre
  • oah

Case

Docket No
21F-H2121049-REL
Case Title
Rodney & Patricia Kirby vs. Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2021-10-12
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Questions

Question

Does the HOA's duty to maintain common areas end strictly at the property line?

Short Answer

No. The HOA is responsible if common area elements (like trees) cause damage to adjacent private property.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ determined that the Association's responsibility for maintenance extends beyond the physical boundary if conditions on the common area negatively impact a homeowner's property. In this case, debris from common area trees caused damage to a private pool and patio.

Alj Quote

The Association’s duty to maintain the Common Area does not end at the boundary line of the Common Area.

Legal Basis

CC&Rs Article IV

Topic Tags

  • maintenance
  • common_area
  • liability

Question

Can the HOA avoid liability for damage by claiming they relied on a professional landscaping company's advice?

Short Answer

Not necessarily. Even if the HOA pays for regular maintenance and follows vendor advice, they may still be in violation if damage persists.

Detailed Answer

The HOA argued it was not in violation because it relied on its landscaper's (arborist's) recommendation not to remove the trees. The ALJ rejected this, ruling that despite the payments and advice, the damage caused to the homeowner proved a failure to maintain the common area properly under the CC&Rs.

Alj Quote

Despite the Association’s payment to ProQual for regular arbor maintenance, the sissoo trees still caused debris of all kinds to fill Petitioners’ pool and backyard… Petitioners established a violation of Article IV section 4.1.1 of the CC&Rs

Legal Basis

Contract Law / CC&Rs

Topic Tags

  • vendor_reliance
  • negligence
  • defenses

Question

What is the 'burden of proof' for a homeowner in an administrative hearing?

Short Answer

The homeowner must prove their case by a 'preponderance of the evidence'.

Detailed Answer

The petitioner (homeowner) is responsible for providing enough evidence to show that their claim is more likely true than not. It is not based on the number of witnesses, but the convincing force of the evidence.

Alj Quote

In this proceeding, Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Respondent violated a community document.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119

Topic Tags

  • burden_of_proof
  • evidence
  • procedure

Question

Can the Administrative Law Judge order the HOA to perform a specific act, like cutting down a tree?

Short Answer

Generally, no. The Tribunal lacks statutory authority to grant injunctive relief.

Detailed Answer

The ALJ cannot issue an injunction or declaratory relief (specific orders to do or not do a specific act). Instead, the order generally directs the HOA to 'abide by' the specific section of the community documents, leaving the specific method of compliance somewhat open.

Alj Quote

Because this Tribunal has no statutory authority to grant Petitioners’ declaratory or injunctive relief, this decision is expressly issued to 'Order Respondent to abide by the section of the planned community specified.'

Legal Basis

Statutory Authority

Topic Tags

  • remedies
  • injunctive_relief
  • alj_powers

Question

If I win my hearing against the HOA, can I get my filing fee back?

Short Answer

Yes, the ALJ can order the HOA to reimburse the filing fee.

Detailed Answer

In this decision, the ALJ ordered the Association to pay the $500.00 filing fee directly to the Petitioners within 30 days.

Alj Quote

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent pay Petitioners their filing fee of $500.00, to be paid directly to Petitioners within thirty (30) days of this ORDER.

Legal Basis

Administrative Order

Topic Tags

  • fees
  • reimbursement
  • costs

Question

What kind of damage is required to prove the HOA failed to maintain the common area?

Short Answer

The homeowner must show actual damage, harm, or financial burden caused by the condition.

Detailed Answer

The decision noted that the debris caused a financial burden (cleaning costs, pump replacement) and potential health risks. The mere presence of trees wasn't the issue; it was the specific damage and harm resulting from them.

Alj Quote

The record does reflect that, but for the sissoo trees being situated where they are and in the state they are in, there would not be debris to a degree on Petitioners’ property that caused any amount of damage or harm.

Legal Basis

Evidence of Damages

Topic Tags

  • damages
  • nuisance
  • evidence

Question

Who has the authority to hear disputes between a homeowner and an HOA?

Short Answer

The Arizona Department of Real Estate (ADRE) and the Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH).

Detailed Answer

Statutes authorize the Department to receive petitions regarding violations of community documents or statutes regulating planned communities.

Alj Quote

The Department is authorized by statute to receive and to decide petitions for hearings from members of homeowners’ associations and from homeowners’ associations in Arizona.

Legal Basis

ARIZ. REV. STAT. §§ 32-2102

Topic Tags

  • jurisdiction
  • adre
  • oah

Case

Docket No
21F-H2121049-REL
Case Title
Rodney & Patricia Kirby vs. Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association
Decision Date
2021-10-12
Alj Name
Jenna Clark
Tribunal
OAH
Agency
ADRE

Case Participants

Petitioner Side

  • Rodney Kirby (petitioner)
  • Patricia Kirby (petitioner)

Respondent Side

  • Lydia Peirce Linsmeier (HOA attorney)
    Carpenter, Hazelwood, Delgado & Bolen LLP
  • Kaylee Ivy (HOA attorney)
    Carpenter, Hazelwood, Delgado & Bolen LLP
  • Regis Salazar (witness)

Neutral Parties

  • Jenna Clark (ALJ)
    Office of Administrative Hearings
  • Judy Lowe (Commissioner)
    Arizona Department of Real Estate

Rodney Kirby v. Dove Cove Estate HOA

Note: A Rehearing was requested for this case. The dashboard statistics reflect the final outcome of the rehearing process.

Case Summary

Case ID 21F-H2121049-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2021-10-12
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome total
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Rodney & Patricia Kirby Counsel
Respondent Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association Counsel Lydia Peirce Linsmeier and Kaylee Ivy

Alleged Violations

CC&Rs Article IV, Section 4.1.1

Outcome Summary

The ALJ granted the Petitioners' petition, finding that the HOA violated CC&Rs Article IV section 4.1.1 by failing its duty to maintain common area landscaping (sissoo trees) in a state that did not cause damage or undue financial/health burden to the Petitioners' property. The HOA was ordered to refund the Petitioners' $500.00 filing fee.

Key Issues & Findings

Whether Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association (Respondent) are in violation of CC&Rs Article IV, Sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.1.3 for failing to remove two (2) trees on community property, at the rear of Petitioners’ retaining wall, which have caused damage to Petitioners’ pool and patio slab.

Petitioners filed a single-issue petition alleging the Association violated CC&Rs Article IV sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.1.3 by refusing to remove two sissoo trees located on community property behind Petitioners’ residence, which caused debris, clogged pool pump, and caused complications with their retaining wall and back patio. The ALJ concluded the Association violated Article IV section 4.1.1 because the trees' condition caused damage and financial/health burden to Petitioners.

Orders: Petitioners' petition is granted. Respondent is ordered to pay Petitioners their filing fee of $500.00 within thirty (30) days. The Respondent is ordered to abide by the specified section of the planned community (Article IV section 4.1.1). No civil penalty shall be imposed.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA maintenance duty, CC&R violation, sissoo trees, filing fee refund, common area landscaping, pool damage
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.08(H)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 12-904(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Rodney Kirby v. Dove Cove Estate HOA

Case Summary

Case ID 21F-H2121049-REL
Agency ADRE
Tribunal OAH
Decision Date 2021-10-12
Administrative Law Judge Jenna Clark
Outcome total
Filing Fees Refunded $500.00
Civil Penalties $0.00

Parties & Counsel

Petitioner Rodney & Patricia Kirby Counsel
Respondent Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association Counsel Lydia Peirce Linsmeier and Kaylee Ivy

Alleged Violations

CC&Rs Article IV, Section 4.1.1

Outcome Summary

The ALJ granted the Petitioners' petition, finding that the HOA violated CC&Rs Article IV section 4.1.1 by failing its duty to maintain common area landscaping (sissoo trees) in a state that did not cause damage or undue financial/health burden to the Petitioners' property. The HOA was ordered to refund the Petitioners' $500.00 filing fee.

Key Issues & Findings

Whether Dove Cove Estates Homeowners Association (Respondent) are in violation of CC&Rs Article IV, Sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.1.3 for failing to remove two (2) trees on community property, at the rear of Petitioners’ retaining wall, which have caused damage to Petitioners’ pool and patio slab.

Petitioners filed a single-issue petition alleging the Association violated CC&Rs Article IV sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.1.3 by refusing to remove two sissoo trees located on community property behind Petitioners’ residence, which caused debris, clogged pool pump, and caused complications with their retaining wall and back patio. The ALJ concluded the Association violated Article IV section 4.1.1 because the trees' condition caused damage and financial/health burden to Petitioners.

Orders: Petitioners' petition is granted. Respondent is ordered to pay Petitioners their filing fee of $500.00 within thirty (30) days. The Respondent is ordered to abide by the specified section of the planned community (Article IV section 4.1.1). No civil penalty shall be imposed.

Filing fee: $500.00, Fee refunded: Yes

Disposition: petitioner_win

Cited:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)

Analytics Highlights

Topics: HOA maintenance duty, CC&R violation, sissoo trees, filing fee refund, common area landscaping, pool damage
Additional Citations:

  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2102
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199 et seq.
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.05
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.02(B)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092.08(H)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 12-904(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199(2)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(A)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 32-2199.01(D)
  • ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 41-1092 et seq.
  • ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE R2-19-119
  • Tierra Ranchos Homeowners Ass'n v. Kitchukov, 216 Ariz. 195, 165 P.3d 173 (App. 2007)